Using mhdd. Checking the hard drive for bad sectors and bad blocks in MHDD. Scan your hard drive and check for errors

The MHDD program was originally designed for the integrity of its segments, the ability to save and reproduce information. MHDD 4.6 is a free program for working with low-level drives. Today, in addition to diagnostics, the program allows you to read/write arbitrary sectors using a password system, and change the size of the drive.

Main features of the program

• there is no need to install, it is enough to save the files to a flash drive or disk;
• You can run the program from a portable storage device;
• Before starting the scan and directly launching the program, you need to connect the drive that you plan to check.

Important! Perform all actions carefully and thoughtfully. The functionality of the program provides ample opportunities to manage the hard drive, so it is quite possible to cause harm.

How to use

After starting the program, a black window will appear. You will see a drive selection menu. Choose any device you want. You can call up this menu at any time by pressing SHIFT+F3.

A hint about the main commands of the program will be displayed on the screen. Please be extremely careful when working with MHDD the first few times. We recommend starting with the EID, SCAN, STOP, CX and TOF commands. Some of them have keyboard shortcuts assigned to them, e.g. F4 for the SCAN command.

Scanning a disk using MHDD

To check if the hard drive has , press F4. The system will prompt you to view additional parameters. Default values ​​correspond to full surface. Can be enabled when such are detected (Remap function). To continue, press F4 again.

During the verification process, the program will show by sector which of them are in what condition. The parameters are indicated in milliseconds - a unit of measurement of the time it took for the device to respond. The lower the number, the better. The icons differ in color:

• iron numbers indicate working sectors;
• yellow ones signal problems;
• red icons indicate almost complete inoperability of the analyzed sector.

A “healthy” hard drive should not have red symbols.

How to fix problems? A difficult question, the answer to which may be different in each case. In any case, first save all data to another medium

You can use the ERASE function to delete all data. Sometimes this solves the problem, and during subsequent checks the sectors are already designated as more complete. However, in this case, all information from the hard drive is also deleted, and the process does not always bring the desired result.

Viewing SMART Attributes

You can dial SMART ATT in the console or use a hotkey F8 to view attributes.

Perhaps the most important attribute for a modern drive is “ ” (Raw value). This value tells you how many remapped sectors there are on the disk. A normal drive has a raw value of zero. If you see a value of more than 50, the drive has problems. This could mean a defective power supply, vibration, overheating, or simply a defective drive.

The UDMA CRC error rate attribute means the number of errors that occur when transmitting data over an IDE/SATA cable. The normal raw value of this attribute is zero. If you see a different value, you need to replace the cable immediately.

Video on how to use the MHDD program

Total

1. The hard drive is checked without starting the operating system, from a portable drive.
2. No additional software installation required.
3. You can get a full report on the health of hard disk sectors.
4. Detailed analysis and deletion of data, repeated checks are available.

The MHDD program is a powerful tool that is designed to work with hard drives of computers, laptops, and external hard drives. Work with drives occurs at a low level.

Functions performed by the MHDD program:

• Hard drive diagnostics.
• SMART hard drive management.
• Possibility of password protection.
• Changing the sound characteristics of the hard drive.
• Changing the drive size.
• Recovery and low formatting of the hard drive surface

How to run the MHDD program

First, we need to download the program, it is publicly available to everyone and is completely free.

After you have downloaded the program, you need to write it to a flash drive; for this we will use the program. Open the downloaded image using the UltraIso program.

After we have opened our image, open the “Boot” menu item and select the “Burn disk image...” menu item.

In the window that opens, select the flash drive that we will use to record the program and click “Record”.

After recording is complete, you need to restart your computer and boot from the recorded flash drive. Don't forget to switch your controller to IDE mode, since the program only works with this type of controller. After booting from the flash drive, select the 2nd menu item and press Enter, the selection is made using the “Up”, “Down” keys.

Now we will see all available and connected hard drives to the computer. To select the desired disk, you need to enter its port number, in my case it is port No. 1.

After this, the program is ready to work with the selected hard drive. To reselect the hard drive, press the key combination “Shift” + “F3”, so you can select another drive to work with at any time without restarting the MHDD program.

The list of commands for the MHDD program can be seen by pressing the “F1” button. Press the down key to scroll through the commands.

Viewing SMART information

You can view the SMART status of your hard drive by using the “smart att” command and pressing the “F8” key after entering. Now we see the SMART information of the hard drive.

The main attributes that you should pay attention to:

Reallocated Sectors Count - this value indicates the number of sectors that have been reassigned by the hard drive, if the value in the “RAW” column is more than 50 (100), then you need to replace the hard drive, or urgently transfer all important information to another hard drive that is located in good condition.

HAD Temperature – this parameter shows the temperature of the hard drive, the normal temperature for hard drive operation varies from (Val) 20°C to (Worts) 40°C, (RAW) average value 30°C, if the value is higher, you need to think about cooling.

Ultra ATA CRC error rate - means the number of errors that occur when transmitting data over an IDE/SATA cable. The value of this attribute must be zero; if the value is greater, then you need to replace the cable, or remove the overclocking of the hard drive, if any.

By viewing the SMART of the hard drive, we can understand what state it is in and take action.

Scan your hard drive and check for errors

In order to scan the surface of the hard drive, you must use the “scan” command; when entering this command, press Enter, a window with scanning parameters will open. After selecting the desired parameters, press “F4” to start scanning.

Basic hard drive scanning parameters:

Start LBA and End LBA are parameters that specify the sector from which scanning should begin and the sector on which scanning should be completed.

Remap – this parameter will allow you to automatically reassign a bad (erroneous) sector that is detected during scanning.

Erase Delays – if you enable this option when scanning a hard drive, then when a bad (erroneous) block is detected, the program will erase such a sector. The drive will recalculate the ECC fields for each sector. This helps get rid of so-called “soft-bad” blocks, which are caused by system errors and not by physical damage to the hard drive.

If this is your first time running a hard drive scan, you must do it without activating the Remap and Erase Delays options, as these options can lead to data loss.

If the first scan detected bad sectors, you need to transfer all the information from the hard drive and scan with the Erase Delays parameter activated; to do this, when selecting scanning parameters, set this parameter to “ON” and start scanning.

After scanning with the Erase Delays parameter, we launch another scan without enabling any parameters to determine whether there are any bad sectors left. If the rescan identifies remaining bad sectors, we can be sure that this is physical damage to the hard drive, in which case it is worth resorting to a more radical solution, namely running a rescan with the Remap option enabled.

If, when you start scanning, you see that each block is detected as a bad sector, there is no point in performing low-level formatting. In this case, the surface of the hard disk or the service area is damaged; standard MHDD program tools will not be able to fix it.

Low-level formatting

You should resort to low-level formatting if you need to completely delete information from your hard drive so that it cannot be restored, since when you delete information in Windows, you can restore deleted files.

Or your hard drive has slowed down significantly and is running slowly, but no bad sectors are detected, then sector-by-sector erasing can restore the read and write speed of the hard drive.

In order to start formatting, enter the “erase” command and press Enter, we will be prompted to enter the block number from which we want to start formatting, and the block number on which we want to finish. If you are going to format the entire surface of the disk, then do not enter anything, since the standard suggests the first and last sector, but simply agree by pressing Enter. To start formatting, enter the value “y” and wait for completion.

Reducing storage capacity

The “hpa” command is used to reduce the storage capacity; when you enter the command, the MHDD program will ask for the new number of available sectors, enter the new number and press Enter. Also, in order to remove restrictions on reducing the size of the hard drive, use the “nhpa” command.

Password protection management

In order to install password protection on your hard drive, you must use the “pwd” command (not all hard drives support this function). Password protection is suitable for those who need to save information even if the hard drive is lost, since this protection cannot be cracked; in order to remove the password from the hard drive, the data must be completely erased. Also, when installing such protection, it will not be possible to start the system without first entering a password on the hard drive.

Please note that you will not be able to recover your password and if you lose your password, you will not be able to recover the information.

Managing hard drive noise characteristics

Now almost all modern drives support the Acoustic Management function. You can significantly reduce the noise of the hard drive when moving the head by reducing the movement speed, but at the same time the write and read speed of the hard drive will decrease. To configure this function, use the “aam” command and press Enter. Then you need to enter a value from 0 to 126, where 126 is the maximum quiet operating level, to cancel this parameter you need to enter the value “D”.

Conclusion

The MHDD program is a fairly functional solution for working with hard drives, but it is also quite dangerous, since improper use can lead to data loss or the hard drive becoming faulty. The program will allow you to work with different types of hard drives that have different controllers.

Recently, manufacturers have seriously taken up the problem of reducing the noise level emitted by drives.
Some have achieved amazing results - for example, Seagate managed to reduce the spindle noise of the fourth “Barracuda” so much that it was no longer perceptible to the ear.
But rotating pancakes are not the only source of noise in hard drive mechanics.

The head drive is also noisy - its sharp movements cut through the air inside the can, generating a “grunting” positioning sound.
Of course, it can be slowed down by changing the shape of the current in the coil to a smoother one, but this will inevitably cause a deterioration in such an important hard parameter as access time - it is this that determines the performance of the disk subsystem in multitasking environments and during operations with many small files.

At the same time, there are tasks in which fast positioning is not needed at all, but silence is needed - for example, when working in office applications, when playing music and movies.

How can we be here?
It is this problem that was solved by hard drive developers quite recently - the ATA specification introduced the “Automatic Acoustic Management” (AAM) function - rapid adjustment of the noise level emitted by the drive as a result of the movement of the heads by reducing the speed of their movement.

AAM can be managed by proprietary utilities of some hard drives, for example IBM and Maxtor.
But they make it extremely inconvenient - the user does not have the ability to quickly assess the current noise level.

In MHDD, all this is implemented much more conveniently: just enter “AAM” into the console, and the hard drive itself will begin to crack its heads, demonstrating its noise level.
And you can change it with the keys “M” (minimum noise level), “L” (medium) and “P” (maximum).

The “D” key turns off AAM completely, while the hard drive becomes as fast as possible, but at the same time as loud as possible.
You can switch the hard drive directly from Windows 9x at any time, unlike other “branded” utilities (Fig. 3).

Figure 3. Automatic Acoustic Management

Security Options

Have you ever wanted to protect your information from strangers?
Of course, such a desire sometimes arises, especially if several people work at the computer.
Personal correspondence, documents, or even just a well-functioning operating system - this is not a complete list of what you want to protect and protect from someone else’s intrusion.

The most common way to restrict access to confidential information is to create encrypted partitions on the hard drive, archiving with a password, password-protecting the entire file system at the logical level (with special programs in the boot sector of the HDD), and sometimes physically changing the entire hard drive (for example, using a mobile phone). rack).

But such protection has many disadvantages.
The information still remains on the media, and although it is not explicitly accessible (protection programs are often limited to encrypting only the boot record, leaving even FAT unchanged), it can be easily extracted from such a disk by setting a disk editor on it, or (which is simpler ) - one of the programs for saving information, for example the well-known “Easy Recovery”.

On-the-fly file encryption is more resistant to hacking, but its operation requires a permanent memory resident that intercepts part of the system API and creates a considerable load on the central processor.

And no one is immune from such a program glitching or freezing at the most inopportune moment.
And even if the encrypted partition is damaged (for example, by viruses), it will be extremely difficult to extract information from it.

Ideally, a security system should meet 3 basic requirements:
1. Be independent of the OS, file system, computer and their glitches.
2. Be reliable and difficult to break.
3. Do not take up system resources.
And it would have remained a dream if no one had thought to entrust this to the hard drive controller!

This was proposed by the developers of the ATA/ATAPI-3 standard back in 1996, but hard drives that actually support security functions appeared relatively recently.
This feature is called “Security Set”, and in common parlance - ATA password.
It allows you to protect the entire contents of the hard drive not only from reading, but also from writing, and even from low-level formatting!

This was achieved by integrating a protection program directly into the hard drive.
It communicates with the outside world through a regular IDE interface - you only need a utility that can do this correctly.
The BIOSes of some motherboards can set a password on modern hard drives, and on many laptops (for example, from DELL), this has long become the norm.

But now we don’t need to be the owner of a super-cool board or laptop to protect our information - this can be done on any computer using MHDD!
And not only from the BIOS, but also from DOS and Windows at any convenient time.
Let's try to figure out how it works.

We launch MHDD, and by pressing the + key combination, select the hard drive to which we want to deny access.
Click.
Pay attention to the line “Security: High, Off” - it means that the password for the hard drive is not set (Fig. 4).

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In the process of their work they will certainly wear out. Wear and tear can be manifested by slow computer performance and freezing. And all due to the fact that unreadable sectors, or as they are also called BAD blocks, appear on the surface of the hard drive.

To check your hard drive for bad sectors, there is a very good and free program called MHDD. With its help, you can not only find bad sectors, but also try to fix them (reassign them).

How to use the MHDD program?

First, we need to write the MHDD boot image onto a flash drive, since the program runs under DOS.

We insert the flash drive into the USB connector of the computer or laptop and, or known to you, write down the downloaded MHDD image, thereby creating a bootable flash drive.

After the flash drive is written, you need to first set the hard drive operating mode with ACHI to IDE. If this is not done, then MHDD will not see your hard drive.

If you did everything correctly and booted from a flash drive, then you will see a window like this:

MHDD Initial Boot Window

In it you need to press “Enter”, after which the main window of the MHDD program will appear:

Select a hard drive by entering the corresponding number

Type the number and press “Enter”.

To display a window with hard drive scan settings, click F4 on keyboard.

Scan settings

Here, use the arrows to go down to the “Remap” line, press “Enter” and select “On”. With this we enabled the reassignment of bad sectors. So that MHDD not only finds them, but also marks them as unused.

Now press again F4 After which the hard drive itself will start checking for bad sectors.

The check lasts from 20 minutes to 4 hours, depending on the volume and speed of the hard drive. A 1TB disk is scanned for about 2-3 hours.

The window on the right displays the test results. Sectors with a response time of 500MS or more (brown and red) are considered to be bad, and the more of them, the worse. UNC (red crosses) are bads - unreadable sectors.

Check results - BAD sectors

Since the option was enabled at the beginning of the scan Remap- reassigning BAD sides from the reserve area, it is possible that after a complete check of the hard drive with the MHDD program, the bads will be removed and the hard drive will work for some time.

If, at the end of the check, there is not a single sector below 150MS (green) at the top right, this means that the surface of your hard drive is in perfect order and there are no BAD sectors on it.

Now you know how easy it is to use MHDD and how to use it to check your hard drive for bad sectors and bad blocks.

Use this software "as is". MHDD is a very powerful and, at the same time, very dangerous program. No one can be held responsible for any harm caused by the MHDD program.

About the MHDD project

MHDD is a small but powerful free program that is designed to work with drives at the lowest level (as possible).
The first version was released in 2000 by me, Dmitry Postrigan. It was capable of scanning the surface of a drive with an IDE interface in CHS mode. My main goal is to develop diagnostic software for drives that people would trust.

Now MHDD is much more than a diagnosis. You can do anything you want with MHDD: diagnose drives, read/write random sectors, manage the SMART system, password system, noise management system, and also change the drive size. And that's not all, since MHDD has a so-called ATA/SCSI terminal, which allows you to send any command to a drive with a SCSI, IDE or Serial ATA interface. Moreover, you can write scripts, thus creating your own procedures.

What's inside the MHDD

During the first launch, the program will create a file log/mhdd.log. This is the main log file. All your actions and test results will be recorded in this file.

How it works

Let's imagine how the MSDOS operating system works when it needs to read a sector from a drive. MSDOS will simply "ask" the BIOS to do this. Then, the BIOS looks in its tables for the port addresses of the desired drive, performs the necessary checks, and then begins communicating with the drive. After everything is finished, the BIOS returns the result to the operating system.

Let's look at the diagram. Here's how a regular DOS program works with a drive:

MSDOS BIOS program IDE/SATA controller Drive

Now let's take a look at how MHDD works:

MHDD IDE/SATA Controller Drive

Main difference: MHDD does not use BIOS functions or interrupts. Thus, you don't even need to define the drive in BIOS Setup. You can even turn on the drive after MSDOS and MHDD have loaded, since MHDD works directly with the drive's registers and does not pay attention to such “little things” as, for example, partitions, file systems and BIOS restrictions.

Attention:
Never run MHDD from a drive that is located on the same physical IDE channel (cable) to which the drive under test is connected (cable, channel). You will have significant data corruption on both drives! In this regard, by default, MHDD does not work with the PRIMARY channel, since most users have MHDD there. To unblock the Primary channel, run MHDD, then exit, then edit the MHDD.CFG file. Or use the command line switch /ENABLEPRIMARY.

MHDD uses a DOS ASPI driver to access SCSI devices. If you do not plan to work with SCSI drives, then you do not need any drivers.

Hardware requirements and supported hardware

Platform:

• Intel Pentium processor or better
• 4 megabytes of RAM
• DR-DOS, MSDOS version 6.22 and higher
• Any boot device (USB, CDROM, FDD, HDD)
• Keyboard

IDE/SATA controllers:

• Any integrated into the northbridge (port addresses: 0x1Fx for the primary channel,
  0x17x for secondary channel)
• PCI UDMA controllers (automatically detected): HPT, Silicon Image, Promise (not all), ITE,
  ATI may be different. Even some RAID controllers are supported (in this case
  MHDD works with each physical drive separately)
• UDMA/RAID controllers integrated into the motherboard as a separate chip Drives:
  • Any IDE or Serial ATA with a capacity of at least 600 megabytes. LBA mode
    is fully supported, however, I removed the CHS code from MHDD in versions 3.x
  • Any IDE or Serial-ATA with a capacity of no more than 8388607 terabytes. LBA48 mode
    fully supported
  • Any SCSI drive with a sector size from 512 to 528 bytes

  Diagnosable IDE drive must be switched to MASTER mode. All SLAVE devices must be disabled.

  Other devices

  • Any SCSI removable media device, for example, CDROM, tape. Maximum supported sector size is 4096 bytes

  Downloading the MHDD installation package

  You need to decide which package you need: a CD image, a floppy image, or just an archive. You can burn a CD image using any software that supports burning ISO images. Your CD will be bootable.

  First start. Important information

  Some people think that MHDD is a very difficult program. They assumed that MHDD should be very simple, but when they ran it for the first time without reading the documentation, they were disappointed. MHDD is very difficult and dangerous program. It is much easier for those who are familiar with the internal structure of drives to master MHDD.

  It is very important to understand that you will have to spend several hours, and possibly days, before you get meaningful results from MHDD. I highly recommend trying to test several drives without defects before you start working with faulty ones.

  When you run the program for the first time, it will create a new file./cfg/mhdd.cfg. The IDE Primary channel is disabled by default.

  You will see a drive selection menu. Choose any device you want. You can call up this menu at any time by pressing SHIFT+F3.

  Now you can click F1 and use any MHDD commands. Please, be extremely attentive when working with MHDD the first few times.

  I would recommend starting with the EID, SCAN, STOP, CX and TOF commands. Some of them have keyboard shortcuts assigned to them, e.g. F4 for the SCAN command.

  Take a look at registers. Any IDE or Serial ATA device must report DRIVE READY and DRIVE SEEK COMPLETE, so you should see the DRDY and DRSC flags. The BUSY flag signals that the drive is performing some operation (for example, reading or writing). Some flags such as WRITE FAULT and TRACK 0 NOT FOUND are obsolete and you should never see them. The INDEX flag is also obsolete, however, it may sometimes blink. The DATA REQUEST (DREQ) flag indicates that the drive is requesting data transfer.

  If you notice the ERROR flag, look at the error register. You will be able to determine the type of error that occurred. Look ATA/ATAPI standard for further information about instructions and registers.

  Using MHDD Commands

  Surface scanning

  Scanning any device is only possible if it can be identified using the ID or EID commands (or by pressing F2). To scan, type SCAN and press ENTER, or use F4. You will see a menu where you can change some settings. By default, the starting sector is zero (start sector). The final sector is equal to the maximum possible (end of the disk). All functions destructive to user data (Remap, Erase Delays) are disabled by default.

  Press F4 again to start scanning. MHDD scans drives in blocks. For IDE/SATA drives, one block is equal to 255 sectors (130560 bytes).

  How scanning works

  1. MHDD sends the VERIFY SECTORS command with the LBA number (sector number) and sector number as parameters 2. The drive raises the BUSY flag 3. MHDD starts the timer 4. After the drive has executed the command, it lowers the BUSY flag 5. MHDD calculates the elapsed time time drive and displays the corresponding block on the screen. If an error (bad block) is encountered, the program displays the corresponding letter that describes the error.

  MHDD repeats steps 1-5 until the final sector. If you need a scanning protocol, you can find it in the log/mhdd.log file.

  If the scan reveals errors, the first thing to do is copy all the data from the drive. You then need to perform a full surface erase using the ERASE command, which erases every sector on your drive. The drive will recalculate the ECC fields for each sector. This helps get rid of the so-called “soft-bad” blocks. If erasing does not help, run the scan with the REMAP option enabled.

  If you see that every block contains an error, do not attempt to erase the drive or scan with the REMAP option enabled. Most likely, the drive's service area is damaged, and this cannot be fixed with standard MHDD commands.

  Viewing SMART Attributes

  You can dial SMART ATT or click F8 to view attributes. What do they mean?

  Perhaps the most important attribute for a modern drive is the “Reallocated Sectors Count” (Raw value). This value tells you how many remapped sectors there are on the disk. A normal drive has a raw value of zero. If you see a value of more than 50, the drive has problems. This could mean a defective power supply, vibration, overheating, or simply a defective drive.

  Take a look at attribute 194 - temperature. Good values ​​lie between 20 and 40 degrees. Some drives do not report temperature.

  The UDMA CRC error rate attribute means the number of errors that occur when transmitting data over an IDE/SATA cable. The normal raw value of this attribute is zero. If you see a different value, you need to replace the cable immediately. Also, overclocking greatly affects the number of errors of this type.

  Other attributes are usually not so important. Look ATA/ATAPI standard for more information about SMART attributes and tests.

  Drive identification commands

  Try the commands ID And EID to view information about your drive. Look ATA/ATAPI standard for more information.

  Erasing groups of sectors or an entire disk

  You can use the ERASE command. If your drive was recognized in BIOS Setup (or POST), MHDD will attempt to use BIOS features to erase the drive in UDMA mode. If you do not want MHDD to try to use the BIOS, use the /DISABLEBIOS option.

  Reducing storage capacity

  Use the HPA command to limit the storage capacity. The program will ask for the new number of available sectors. To remove the restrictions set, use the NHPA command. Perform a power cycle on the drive before using the NHPA command. In accordance with ATA/ATAPI standard, you can change the storage capacity only once per drive cycle.

  Password protection management

  Use the PWD command to lock the drive using the USER password. In accordance with ATA/ATAPI standard, you need to turn off and on the drive for the changes to take effect.

  MHDD has two commands to unlock drives: UNLOCK and DISPWD. UNLOCK unlocks the drive before the first shutdown. In order to disable the password system, you must first use the UNLOCK command, and then the DISPWD command (the password must be known).

  The master password is set by the manufacturer and can be used for unlocking.

  Reading sectors into a file

  You can read just a few sectors or an entire disk into a file or set of files. Try the TOF command. The program skips bad sectors. If you plan to create an image larger than 1 gigabyte, it is better to use the ATOF command, as it can automatically “slice” the images.

  Writing sectors from a file to disk

  Use the FF command to write sectors to disk. You will be asked to enter the number of the first sector to record and the number of sectors to be recorded in a row.

  Managing the noise characteristics of the drive

  Almost all modern drives support Acoustic Management.
  You can reduce the noise level made when the heads move by reducing the speed at which they move. Use the AAM command to configure.

  Drive configuration

  Using the CONFIG command, you can view and change the drive configuration, for example, maximum UDMA mode, support for Security, SMART, AAM, HPA systems, support for LBA48 mode. It is also possible to change the disk size. Some manufacturers reduce the disk size by changing the configuration; you have the opportunity to restore the original capacity.

  Batch running commands

  You can write a very simple batch file (see the BATCH directory for an example) where you describe everything you want to do. Press F5 when you want to run such a file for execution.

  ATA/SCSI terminal, scripts

  Please take a look at the SCRIPTS directory. There you will find several examples with a detailed description of how it works. To run the script, use a dot followed by the file name. For example, to run the test script that comes with MHDD, enter:

  MHDD>.test

  Other commands

  Click F1. You will see quick help for all MHDD commands. For more detailed information, please use the MAN command.
  

  Command Line Options

  /NOPINGPONG Mute some sounds /DISABLEBIOS Disable erasure (ERASE) through BIOS /DISABLESCSI Disable SCSI module /ENABLEPRIMARY Connect the Primary IDE/SATA channel /RO This key is used to run MHDD on write-protected media. It disables attempts to create temporary files, and also disables logging.

  © 2005 Dmitry Postrigan