TV component input. RCA connector - the actual connector in our time? Types and methods of analog video transmission

Modern computers have ample opportunities for working with video, and their owners often watch movies on the monitor screen. And with the advent of barebone multimedia platforms, oriented to use as a home media center, the interest in connecting audio and video equipment only intensifies.
Where is it more convenient and practical to watch videos on big screen TV, especially since almost all modern video cards are equipped with a TV output.
The need to connect a TV to a computer also arises when editing amateur video. As you can easily see in practice, the image and sound on the computer are significantly different from those that you will later see and hear on TV. Therefore, all video editors allow you to view the preliminary results of editing on a television receiver directly from the working scale even before the film is created. Experienced video enthusiasts constantly control the image and sound, displaying them on a television screen, and not on a computer monitor.
Topics such as configuring video cards, choosing an image standard, and comparing the video output quality of video cards various manufacturers and the solution of the problems that arise in this case are beyond the scope of this article - here we will consider only the following questions: what connectors can be found on the TV and on the video card, how they are consistent with each other, and what are the ways to connect a computer to a TV.

Display interfaces

Classic analog interface (VGA)

Computers have been using the 15-pin analog D-Sub HD15 (Mini-D-Sub) interface for quite a long time, which is traditionally called the VGA interface. The VGA interface transmits red, green, and blue (RGB) signals as well as horizontal scanning information (H-Sync) and vertical sync(V-sync).

All modern video cards have such an interface or provide it using an adapter from the universal combined DVI-I (DVI-integrated) interface.

Thus, both digital and analog monitors can be connected to the DVI-I connector. A DVI-I to VGA adapter is usually included with many graphics cards and allows you to connect older monitors with a 15-pin D-Sub (VGA) plug.

Please note that not every DVI interface supports analog VGA signals, which can be obtained through such adapters. Some graphics cards have a DVI-D digital interface to which you can connect only digital monitors. Visually, this interface differs from DVD-I in the absence of four holes (pins) around the horizontal slot (compare the right parts of the white DVI connectors).

Often modern graphics cards are equipped with two DVI outputs, in which case they are usually universal - DVI-I. Such a video card can simultaneously work with any monitors, both analog and digital in any set.

DVI digital interface

The DVI interface (TDMS) was developed primarily for digital monitors that do not require a graphics card to translate digital signals to analog.

But since the transition from analog to digital monitors has been slow, graphics hardware designers typically use these technologies in parallel. In addition, modern video cards can work with two monitors at the same time.

The universal DVI-I interface allows you to use both digital and analog connections, while DVI-D only allows you to use digital. However, the DVI-D interface is quite rare today and is usually used only in cheap video adapters.

In addition, DVI digital connectors (both DVI-I and DVI-D) have two varieties - Single Link and Dual Link, which differ in the number of pins (Dual Link uses all 24 digital pins, and Single Link uses only 18 ). Single Link is suitable for use in devices with resolutions up to 1920x1080 (full HDTV resolution), for O Higher resolutions require Dual Link, which allows you to double the number of displayed pixels.

HDMI digital interface

HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface) is a digital multimedia interface developed jointly by a number of major companies - Hitachi, Panasonic, Philips, Sony and others. ). For video transmission over high resolution 29-pin Type B connectors are already required. In addition, HDMI can provide up to eight channels of 24-bit, 192 kHz audio and has a built-in Digital Rights Management (DRM) copyright protection mechanism.

The HDMI interface is relatively new, but in the computer sector it has quite a few competitors - both from the traditional DVI interface and from newer and more advanced interfaces such as UDI or DisplayPort. However, products with HDMI ports are gradually moving into the market, as modern consumer video equipment is increasingly equipped with HDMI connectors. Thus, the development of the popularity of multimedia computer platforms will stimulate the emergence of graphic and motherboards with HDMI ports, even though computer manufacturers have to buy a fairly expensive license to use this standard and still pay some fixed royalties on each HDMI product sold.

The licensing fees also make products with HDMI ports more expensive for the end-manufacturer - for example, a video card with an HDMI port will cost about $10 more. In addition, it is unlikely that an expensive HDMI cable ($10-30) will be included in the package, so you will have to purchase it separately. However, there is hope that as the popularity of the HDMI interface grows, the size of such a premium will gradually decrease.

The HDMI interface uses the same TDMS signal technology as DVI-D, so inexpensive adapters are available for these interfaces.

And while the HDMI interface has not yet replaced DVI, such adapters can be used to connect video equipment via the DVI interface. Please note that HDMI cables cannot be longer than 15m.

New UDI interface

At the beginning of this year, Intel announced a new UDI (Unified Display Interface) digital interface for connecting digital monitors to a computer. So far, Intel has only announced the development of a new type of connection, but in the near future it plans to completely abandon the old analog VGA interface and connect computers to display devices through a new UDI digital interface recently developed by engineers from this company.

The creation of a new interface is due to the fact that both the analog VGA interface and even the digital DVI interface, according to representatives by Intel are hopelessly outdated today. Also, these interfaces do not support latest systems content protection on next-generation digital media such as HD-DVD and Blu-ray.

Thus, UDI is almost analogous to the HDMI interface used to connect computers to modern HDTVs. The main (and perhaps the only) difference between UDI and HDMI will be the absence of an audio channel, that is, UDI will only transmit video and is entirely designed to work with computer monitors, and not with HD TVs. Also, Intel doesn't seem to want to pay royalties for every HDMI device it makes, so UDI would be a good alternative for companies looking to make their products cheaper.

The new interface is fully compatible with HDMI, and will also support all currently known content protection systems, allowing seamless playback of new media equipped with copy protection.

New DisplayPort Interface

Another new video interface - DisplayPort - has recently received approval from companies that are members of the VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association).

The open DisplayPort standard has been developed by a number of major companies, including ATI Technologies, Dell, Hewlett-Packard, nVidia, Royal Philips Electronics, and Samsung Electronics. In the future, DisplayPort is expected to become a universal digital interface that allows you to connect displays various types(plasma, liquid crystal, CRT monitors, etc.) to household appliances and computer equipment.

The DisplayPort 1.0 specification provides for the possibility of simultaneous transmission of both video and audio streams (in this sense new interface completely analogous to HDMI). Note that the maximum throughput the DisplayPort standard is 10.8 Gbps, and the transmission uses a relatively thin connecting cable with four conductors.

Another feature of DisplayPort is its support for content protection features (similar to HDMI and UDI). Built-in security controls allow the content of a document or video file to be displayed only on a limited number of "authorized" devices, theoretically reducing the chance of illegal copying of copyrighted material. And finally, connectors made according to the new standard are thinner than modern ones. DVI connectors and D-Sub. Thanks to this, DisplayPort ports can be used in small form factor equipment and easily make multi-channel devices.

Support for the DisplayPort standard has already been announced by Dell, HP and Lenovo. Apparently, the first devices equipped with new video interfaces will appear before the end of this year.

Video connector on graphics card

On modern video cards, in addition to connectors for connecting monitors (analogue - D-Sub or digital - DVI), there is a composite video output ("tulip"), or a 4-pin S-Video output, or a 7-pin combined video output ( both S-Video and composite inputs and outputs).

In the case of S-Video, the situation is simple - there are S-Video cables or adapters for other SCART connectors on sale.

However, when a non-standard 7-pin connector is found on video cards, then in this case it is better to keep the adapter that is included with the video card, because there are several standards for wiring such a cable.

Composite video signal (RCA)

The so-called composite video output has long been widely used to connect consumer audio and video equipment. The connector for this signal is usually referred to as RCA (Radio Corporation of America), and is popularly called a "tulip" or VHS connector. Please note that such plugs in video equipment can transmit not only composite video or audio, but also many other signals such as component video or high-definition television (HDTV). Typically, tulip plugs are color-coded to make it easier for users to navigate the tangle of wires. Common color values ​​are given in Table. 1.

Table 1

The wires for transmitting a composite signal can be quite long (simple adapters can be used to extend the wires).

However, the use of low quality connections and sloppy switching "tulips" is gradually becoming a thing of the past. In addition, cheap RCA connectors on equipment often break. Today, other types of switching are increasingly used on digital audio and video equipment, and even when transmitting analog signals, it is more convenient to use SCART.

S-video

Often on the video card and on the TV there is a four-pin S-Video (Y / C, Hosiden) connector, which is used to transmit video signals of higher quality than composite. The fact is that the S-Video standard uses different lines for transmitting brightness (the signal for brightness and data synchronization is denoted by the letter Y) and color (the color signal is denoted by the letter C). Separation of luminance and color signals allows to achieve better picture quality in comparison with the composite RCA-interface ("tulip"). More high quality when transmitting analog video, only completely separate RGB or component interfaces can be provided. To receive a composite signal from S-Video, a simple S-Video to RCA adapter is used.

If you do not have such an adapter, then you can make it yourself. However, there are two options for outputting a composite signal from a video card equipped with an S-Video interface, and the choice depends on the type of video card you have. Some cards are able to switch output modes and feed a simple composite signal to the S-Video output. In the mode of supplying such a signal to S-Video, you simply need to connect the contacts to which the composite signal is applied to the corresponding “tulip” outputs.

The wiring of the RCA cable is simple: a video signal is fed through the central core, and the outer braid is the “ground”.

The S-Video pinout is as follows:

• GND - "ground" for the Y-signal;
• GND - "ground" for the C-signal;
• Y - brightness signal;
• C - color signal (contains both color differences).

If the S-Video output can work in the composite signal supply mode, then a ground is supplied to the second pin of its connector, and a signal to the fourth. On a collapsible S-Video plug, which is required to make an adapter, the contacts are usually numbered. The socket and plug connectors are numbered in reverse order.

If the video card does not have a composite signal output mode, then to obtain it, you will have to mix the color and brightness signal from the S-Video signal through a 470 pF capacitor. The signal obtained in this way is fed to the central core, and the "ground" from the second contact is fed to the braid of the composite cord.

SCART

SCART is the most interesting combined analog interface and is widely used in Europe and Asia. Its name comes from the French abbreviation proposed in 1983 by the Association of Radio and Television Developers of France (Syndicat des Constructeurs d'Appareils, Radiorecepteurs et Televiseurs, SCART). This interface combines analog video (composite, S-Video and RGB), stereo audio and control signals. Today, every television or VCR manufactured in Europe is equipped with at least one SCART connector.

For the transmission of simple analog signals (composite and S-Video), there are many different SCART adapters on the market. This interface is convenient not only because everything is connected using only one cable, but also because it allows you to connect a high-quality RGB video source to the TV without intermediate encoding into composite or S-Video signals and get the best image quality on the home TV screen (image and sound quality via SCART is noticeably superior to any other analog connections). This possibility, however, is not implemented in all VCRs and TVs.

In addition, the developers have put into the SCART interface additional features by reserving a few contacts for the future. And since the SCART interface has become the standard in European countries, it has acquired several new features. For example, with the help of some signals on pin 8, you can control the TV modes via SCART (transfer it to the “monitor” mode and vice versa), switch the TV to work with RGB signals (pin 16), etc. Pins 10 and 12 are dedicated to transmitting digital data via SCART, which makes the number of commands virtually unlimited. There are several known systems for exchanging information via SCART: Megalogic, used by Grundig; Easy Link from Philips; Smart Link from Sony. True, their use is limited to communication between a TV and a VCR of these companies.

By the way, the standard provides for four types of SCART cables: type U - universal, providing all connections, V - without audio signals, C - without RGB signals, A - without video signals and RGB. Unfortunately, modern component modes (Y, Cb/Pb, Cr/Pr) are not supported in the SCART standard. However, some manufacturers of DVD players and large format TVs build in the ability to transmit via SCART and component video, which is transmitted through the pins used in the RGB signal standard (however, this is practically the same as connecting via RGB).

Various adapters are commercially available for connecting composite or S-Video sources to SCART. Many of them are universal (bidirectional) with an input-output switch.

There are also simple unidirectional adapters, adapters for connecting mono or stereo audio, and connectors for switching control. In the case when it is necessary to connect two devices at once to one device, you can use a SCART splitter in two or three directions. Those who are not satisfied or who are not available to the proposed options can make their own in accordance with the assignment of contacts in SCART, given in Table. 2.

The pin numbering is usually indicated on the connector:

Of course, computers do not use a SCART connector, however, knowing its specification, you can always make an appropriate adapter to use an analog computer monitor as a video signal receiver from a tape recorder or, conversely, to feed a video signal from a computer to a TV equipped with a SCART connector.

For example, in order to input or output a composite signal from a SCART connector, you need to take a coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 75 ohms and distribute the outer braid (“ground”) and the inner core (composite signal) on the SCART connector.

Outputting a video signal from a computer to a TV (TV-OUT):

• the composite signal is fed to the 20th pin of the SCART connector;

To input video from a VCR to a computer (TV-IN):

• composite signal - to the 19th pin of the SCART connector;
• "ground" - on the 17th pin of the SCART connector.

Correspondence of contacts in the manufacture of an adapter for S-Video is also indicated in Table. 2.

Video output from a computer to a TV set via S-Video (TV-OUT):

• 3rd pin S-Video - 20th pin SCART;

Inputting video signal from a VCR to a computer via S-Video (TV-IN):

• 1st pin S-Video - 17th pin SCART;
• 2nd pin S-Video - 13th pin SCART;
• 3rd pin S-Video - 19th pin SCART;
• 4th S-Video pin - 15th SCART pin.

To connect a computer to a TV using RGB, the computer must output the RGB signal in a way that the TV can understand. Sometimes the RGB signal is fed through a dedicated 7-, 8-, or 9-pin combo video output. In this case, in the settings of the video card, it should be possible to switch the video output to RGB mode. If the video output on the video card has seven pins (such a plug is called a mini-DIN 7-pin), then in normal mode the S-Video signal is sent to exactly the same pins as in a regular four-pin S-Video connector. And in RGB mode, signals can be distributed across contacts different ways depending on the manufacturer of the video card.

As an example, the pins of one of these 7-pin connectors correspond to SCART (this wiring is used on some video cards based on the NVIDIA chip, but it may be different on your video card):

• 1st pin mini-DIN 7-pin (GND, "ground") - 17th pin SCART;
• 2nd pin mini-DIN 7-pin (Green, green) - 11th pin SCART;
• 3rd pin mini-DIN 7-pin (Sync, sweep) - 20th pin SCART;
• 4th pin mini-DIN 7-pin (Blue, blue) - 7th pin SCART;
• 5th pin mini-DIN 7-pin (GND, "ground") - 17th pin SCART;
• 6th pin mini-DIN 7-pin (Red, red) - 15th pin SCART;
• 7th mini-DIN 7-pin (+3 V RGB mode control) - 16th SCART pin.

For all types of adapters, it is required to use high-quality cables with a resistance of 75 ohms.

Graphics card does not have a video connector

If your video card does not have a TV output, then, in principle, the TV can be connected to a regular VGA connector. However, in this case you will need circuit diagram signal matching (in the general case, however, simple). There are special devices on the market that convert a regular computer VGA signal into RGB and into a scan (synchronization) signal for a TV. Such a device is connected to the VGA cable between the computer and the monitor and duplicates the signal that goes through the VGA output.

In principle, such a device can be made independently. The correspondence between VGA and SCART signals will be as follows:

• VGA SCART PIN SCART Description;
• VGA RED - to the 15th SCART pin;
• VGA GREEN - on the 11th SCART pin;
• VGA BLUE - on the 7th SCART pin;
• VGA RGB GROUND - on the 13th, or 9th, or 5th SCART pin;
• VGA HSYNC & VSYNC - on the 16th and 20th SCART pins.

You will also need to apply +1-3 V to the 16th SCART pin and 12 V to the 8th SCART pin to switch to AV mode with an aspect ratio of 4:3.

However, a direct connection will most likely not work and you will need to make a wiring diagram for synchronization, as shown at http://www.tkk.fi/Misc/Electronics/circuits/vga2tv/circuit.html or http://www.e.kth .se/~pontusf/index2.html .

Currently, there are a huge number of different video standards and interfaces. Some have been used for more than a decade, others are just entering our daily lives and it is quite easy to get confused in this variety. This is as difficult as a non-specialist to understand. In this article, we have made a small selection of various interfaces for video signal transmission, as well as common video connectors.

Composite video output

The composite video output is designed to transmit all the components of the video signal in a mixed form over a single wire.

Typically, a composite connector is a yellow RCA jack, or a universal universal SCART connector. To transmit a composite video signal, a coaxial cable with RCA ("tulip") connectors is used at the ends.

Composite video signal ( composite video) has been in use since the days of video cassettes, but is not capable of transmitting a high quality signal. For this reason, it is currently used only in low-cost video equipment, such as TVs with a small screen size (14"-21").

Component video output

Component video is also called color difference. It contains a luminance signal (Y) and two color difference signals (U and V), which are determined by the formula:

Y = 0.299R + 0.587G + 0.114B

Interlacing is used to display the image ( interlaced) or progressive ( progressive) sweep. Interlacing is used in all existing television broadcasting systems. Progressive scanning is used in the modern HDTV television standard and in modern ones, as it allows you to get a higher image quality.

To transmit such a video signal, three separate coaxial cables are used, at the ends of which there are RCA ("tulip") or BNC connectors.

S-Video output

The S-Video connector is typically used to output video from camcorders, PCs, and game consoles on household televisions and other household video equipment. The S-Video interface uses two signal lines - a chrominance signal (C) and a luminance signal (Y). When used as a signal source or a satellite receiver and a TV with a diagonal of 25 ", this interface allows you to get a better picture than a composite video signal.

The cable to transmit this video signal contains various types of connectors: 2 BNC connectors, 2 RCA connectors (tulip), 4-pin Mini DIN connector or universal SCART connector.

RGB video output

To transfer a color image to a CRT monitor, the intensity signals of each of the RGB colors, as well as the horizontal (H) and vertical (V) scanning signals, are used. In total, five signals are obtained - RGBHV.

The RGB signal is transmitted using 5 coaxial cables equipped with BNC connectors.

VGA video output

In the VGA connector, in addition to RGB signals and synchronization, the so-called DDC signals have also been added to transfer information between the video card and the monitor. The VGA cable is connected using a 15-pin D-Sub connector (also called D-Sub 15 pin).

DVI video output

DVI digital video output is mainly used in video adapters personal computers. It transmits a signal in digital form directly from the video adapter of a computer or laptop to the projector. This does not use an intermediate digital-analog image (as in the S-Video standard or in composite video), which allows you to get a picture of higher quality.

There are currently two types of DVI connector:

• universal combo connector DVI-I. It allows you to connect both digital and analog monitors (with an adapter from DVI-I to 15-pin VGA D-Sub);
• fully digital connector DVI-D to which only digital monitors can be connected. This connector differs from the DVD-I connector in that there are no four holes (pins) around the horizontal slot. As a rule, such an interface is used only in cheap video cards.

In addition, DVI connectors (DVI-I and DVI-D) have two types of connector: single link And Dual Link, which differ in the number of contacts. At the same time, Dual Link uses all 24 digital pins, while Single Link uses only 18. Single Link is used in devices with resolutions up to 1920x1080 (so-called HDTV). For higher resolutions, Dual Link is already used, which allows doubling the number of displayed pixels.

HDMI video output

HDMI interface ( High Definition Multimedia Interface) is intended for connection to DVD players, satellite receivers and video adapters of personal computers of modern TVs and home theaters. Today it is the standard for the transmission of digital audio and video in uncompressed form.

HDMI is an all-digital digital format that allows you to transfer not only high-definition video, but also many digital audio channels using only one cable. An HDMI cable with a signal bandwidth of up to 10 Gbps allows not only to output high-definition video, but also simultaneously transmit up to eight channels of high-quality audio.

The HDMI interface is further development DVI-D interface and is fully compatible with it, but has better parameters.

The following types of HDMI connectors are currently available:

• Type A, which has 19 contacts and is the most widely used.
• Type B having 29 pins. It has an extended video channel, which allows you to transmit video information with a resolution higher than 1080p. Currently, this connector is not yet in high demand.
• mini HDMI is designed for use with camcorders and portable devices. It is a variation of the HDMI Type A connector, but has a reduced size.

Please note that the HDMI cable cannot be longer than 15m.

If we arrange all the video standards described above in ascending order of video signal quality, then we get:

• composite (composite video)
• S-video
• component (component video)

The component input on your TV can greatly improve picture quality. This is true not only for watching TV, but also when using it as one of the components of a home theater.

What is component input used for?

The component input is a three-cable connection:

• one cable is designed to transmit brightness and synchronization signals, it is marked with a yellow-green circle and a Y symbol;
• the rest are responsible for the color difference;
  • the second - for the difference in the level of blue color and brightness, therefore it is marked with a round blue sticker and the symbols Pb or V;
  • the third - for the difference in the levels of red color and brightness, therefore, a red circle and the symbols Pr or U are used to mark it.

Through this connector, DVD players and satellite receivers are connected to the TV. Its bandwidth allows you to convert an analog signal to the corresponding digital quality:

• interlaced (1080i) - in all television broadcasting systems;
• progressive (1080p) - in HDTV standards.

Where is?

Since devices are connected to this connector for long-term pairing with a TV, it is most often located on the rear panel.

Thus, the component input, due to the difference color rendering and the control of the brightness and synchronism of this indicator, increases the clarity of the picture and its saturation. Additionally, image quality parameters are affected by signal conversion methods: through a pixel line or a full set.

Indeed, every lover of high-quality viewing of various videos respects the whole process, therefore, strives to improve it. Therefore, it is necessary to understand all the possible principles that lead to an increase in the efficiency of working capacity, as well as to know the technologies that serve to sum up the presented activity. In this article, we will try to understand in detail the specifics of connecting and assigning connectors on each TV.

This is undoubtedly important, since the quality of the reproduced format will depend on it. If you do not take care of this in advance and are not aware of the existing opportunities that can provide each TV user with the maximum property, you can say goodbye to getting satisfaction from the process.

Of course, in order to fully delve into the described topic, you must first know about all the possible components of the structure. The fact that the connector itself consists of three components should not be forgotten. Direct information about them:

1. The first of the elements is called one symbol, that is - Y. It is with its help that the difference between the brightness level of the provided image and the synchronized pulses is transmitted. As for the marking of the hole, it is a circle with a yellow-green tint, which can easily be found on the panel.
2. The next one is Pb. It provides an opportunity for the process of distinguishing the brightness and directly the blue hue of the color range. Speaking about the designation, it is worth noting that it directly corresponds to the marking of the recess.
3. And the last, testamentary connector, which is marked with two letters Pr. Thanks to him, the difference between the red level and brightness is transmitted. Just like the previous object, it looks appropriate: the color exactly matches the described purpose - the use of a red appearance.

ATTENTION! In some models, you may notice that a different symbolism is used to mark the hole. If you are a user of exactly the described design, then, most likely, the entrance is indicated by one letter - U. However, apart from changing the mark, nothing else changes: neither the purpose nor the features of the device.

Simply put, the function itself serves directly to improve the quality of the viewed records.

IMPORTANT! This input allows you to receive signals not only from DVD players, computers, telephones, but also from digital satellite receivers and digital television decoders.

Consequently, the indicators will be converted into the necessary parameters that this or that invention supports. Usually they are conventionally divided into interlaced and progressive. The first one is needed to interact with total number various broadcasting systems. The second one is for standard high-definition TV devices. In addition, they can connect third party devices directly to the TV.

Thus, each owner, who is aware of the advantages of the provided unit, has the opportunity not only to view the usual daily transmissions via television channels, but also independently arrange a vacation for yourself with a full-fledged home theater.

REFERENCE! The described type of interface can be used practically with all the equipment of modern life.

Moreover, if we compare the described unit with S-video or with a composite input, where multiplexing is used directly, the first of them provides a higher definition connection (namely, up to 270 TVL).

What it looks like and where it is

Speaking about the location of this type of entrance, it is worth noting that it is located directly in the same place as all other similar objects. It means that you can find them right on the back of the device, on the back panel. This is the usual position of the type of hole represented, which is indicated on every existing invention. That is, there are no such structures where the connectors are located from the front, since the monitor screen or TV is installed there.

Accordingly, the latter option is automatically excluded. Speaking of appearance, it is worth looking back at the beginning of this article, where the color differences of each of the components are indicated. As a reminder, you can repeat that the first is a shade of yellow, the second is blue, the third is red. It is easy to remember, because the designations directly correspond to the intended purpose. That is, if one provides a difference in brightness and in a green tint, then the last of them will differ in its appearance.

What are the component inputs

As already touched on this topic above in the article, there are three components in the entire system. Therefore, the full names that are inherent in them are:

• Color difference inputs in the amount of two pieces;
• One that determines the level of brightness in the image with sync pulses.

Speaking directly about the video, it is worth dividing it into two interfaces. One of which uses separate signaling for both luminance and chrominance. And the second transmits information about the primary colors in the images. Due to the fact that the transmission is carried out separately, and all the information is not mixed together, it can be observed that the video recording comes with the least digital distortion.

As for the video signal itself, it is fed directly through a coaxial cable. In addition, it is worth noting that there are connectors on its end side, and the typology, as the people say, is “tulip”. However, regardless of whether there is a marking on the branches themselves or not, the quality will be provided in a significantly improved version. If there are still no marks, then the resolution will be the standard extension. In the opposite situation, if there are marks, high indicators will also be available.

In addition, it should be understood that quality improvement through of this type connections allows you to feel exclusively on TVs, since they can have a screen with a large diagonal (and this is from about 29 to 36 inches, or even more). Moreover, the signal processing that occurs at the final stage is only in his treatise. It is important to remember that audio is not transmitted over a component cable, as well as over a composite one, since an additional cable is required for it.

ATTENTION! In addition to the three components described, there are two more signals for synchronization: horizontal and vertical.

Moreover, they are transmitted using four different methods:

• The elements move simultaneously along the same wires.
• Separate process.
• Common wire with green channel.
• By a single component with blue and red channels.

Summing up, it is worth remembering that it is thanks to the described element that not only the quality and clarity of the image is significantly increased, which is played directly at the time of work, but also the saturation. Also, in order to maximize the required performance, you can use the appropriate units, which would be additional components for the main device.

Therefore, when choosing any design, it is very important to pay attention to the presence of this input, since it is already known what benefits the user receives. Of course, its absence is not critical, each unit is also able to work without it, but the pixels will not be so pleasant for watching various videos. Actually, until you check it yourself, you won’t understand how important the presented holes are. Each performs its own function, on which the performance of the acquired invention in general depends.

An extremely important characteristic of a projector that is often overlooked is the number and types of video connectors available, the types of video cables used to connect the projector to signal sources. Whereas specifications projector, such as contrast ratio, or lens type, are major factors in determining the quality of the projected image, a quality connection can greatly improve the image, and the set of connectors on the back of the projector determines which devices you can and cannot connect to it.

Each projector on the market is equipped with a different number of connectors, or inputs, allowing you to connect different source devices such as laptops and computers. So, almost all projectors are equipped with a composite socket, this is the most common video data transmission standard. However, technology does not stand still, new ways of transmitting video signals appear, which over time have become used on projectors that can be equipped with more than eight video input options.

Fast passage:

Video interfaces

Video source devices are equipped with a wide variety of interfaces that are used to connect to projectors. Most video connectors are easy to connect: manufacturers consumer electronics prefer to install simple connectors so that the average user can connect without screwing any screws and latches. This trend is a challenge for manufacturers who have to balance between performance and convenience.

Composite video connector (Tulip,RCA)

This is the most common and oldest connector, first used with the advent of color television. Developed by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), this connector is widely used in the transmission of video and audio signals. It is sometimes referred to as the "Phono Plug" due to the fact that RCA's original purpose was to connect a phonograph to an amplifier. As can be understood from the above, this connector is not at all optimal for use with projectors and cannot transmit high-definition video. Even standard-definition images transmitted over composite cable lose clarity. Composite connection involves use of three cords: one for video (yellow) and two for sound (red and white).

S-Video (Separate/Super Video)

This video standard was created in the 80s and, as the name suggests, differs from composite (composite) video in that it separates video into two separate signals: brightness and color. This leads to improved color reproduction and image clarity. However, S-Video is an analog format and cannot carry an HD TV signal. In addition, as in the case of a composite signal, the sound must be transmitted through separate cables.

Component connector

Component cables can significantly improve image quality compared to composite cables due to the division into red, blue and green channels, each of which corresponds to a separate cable. If these connectors are marked as Y, Pb and Pr, then the cable allows you to transmit high-definition video. Whether the image is transmitted in high definition or standard definition, it will be displayed in much better quality and color reproduction than with a component or s-video cable. However, this connector, like composite and s-video, involves the transmission of audio over separate wires.

DVI(Digitalvideointerface)

The DVI interface was originally created to connect a computer to a monitor, but has now become one of the standard connections for audiovisual devices such as projectors due to the interface's ability to transmit high-resolution images. The DVI signal is transmitted over a single cable that is screwed to the back of the device, similar to a VGA connector. As in the case of the previously listed interfaces, DVI does not carry an audio component. The DVI connector itself is 24 pins arranged in three horizontal rows of 8 pins each. Aside from these 24 pins is a wide flat ground pin. The dual-channel interface provides two TDMS channels, in other words, two groups of data "channels", capable of transmitting digital video information at a rate of over 10 Gb per second. A dual link cable is backwards compatible with single link, but in most cases a DVI-D dual link is used for DVI.

HDMI

HDMI stands for High Definition Multimedia Interface and is designed specifically for today's HD-enabled consumer electronics. If you need the best picture quality, then HDMI should be considered first. This interface is also attractive because, in addition to HD video, it carries Dolby multi-channel audio and control signals, it is extremely convenient to connect, and the cable length can easily reach 30 meters. HDMI is also attractive to film studios because it supports HDCP (high bandwidth digital content protection) anti-piracy technology. Current version HDMI carries one TMDS digital video channel. Used in many home theater and consumer electronics devices, HDMI uses a 19-pin connector that is held in place by friction. This connector is called HDMI Type A.

HDMIMini

Otherwise referred to as HDMI Type C. With the same number of pins, but in a more compact design, HDMI Mini is used, as a rule, in portable devices.

VGA connector (akaRGB connector,DE-15,HD-15,D-sub 15,minisubD15)

VGA (Video Graphics Array) is a very common connector used mainly as an interface for computers and monitors. It can be found on high-definition projectors, TVs, and monitors, as well as older high-definition devices such as satellite receivers and cable television. The VGA standard does not carry sound information. VGA connection may be preferred for business and education applications, as VGA is the most common port and is standard on both old and modern PCs. The HD15 is a high video density "DB" type connector, for this reason it is also called HD DB15. Another popular name is the VGA connector, although it is usually used for higher resolutions (SVGA, XGA, UXGA, etc.). The HD15 connector is the same size as the DB9 but has three rows of 5 pins. Most HD15 (male) plugs are missing the #9 pin in the middle row. This pin is not used to carry any component of the video signal from the computer.

USB-A (Universal Serial Bus)

The USB interface is designed to connect various devices to a computer. These days, the projector can be equipped with a USB connector, allowing you to connect storage media to play some types of files without using a computer. Depending on the capabilities of the projector, images, presentations, or video and audio are played from USB media. Some projector manufacturers have gone further and allow you to replace the USB cable with video, audio cables, and also allow you to control the projector from a computer via USB. However, it should be remembered that the transfer rate USB data is limited and video display may lead to “stuttering” of the picture. And yet, the USB connection is extremely convenient.

BNC

BNC connectors are a round plug with a bayonet locking system and are used with coaxial cables. BNCs have good resistance values ​​and their locking mechanism holds connected wires securely. Because BNC is more expensive than RCA and more difficult to connect, they are often used in expensive and professional audio/video equipment. BNC is a typical solution for CCTV and surveillance cameras. There are several theories to explain the abbreviation "BNC", but the most plausible is "Bayonet-Neill-Concelman", referring to the two people who developed this connector years ago (Paul Neill of Bell Labs, and Carl Concelman of Amphenol). The most common types of BNC connectors are for 3-BNC (RGB) component video cable and 5-BNC (RGBHV) component video cable. Component connection transmits one luminance signal and two opposite-in-phase color component signals over three 75-ohm coaxial cables. The all-analog component interface of the 770.3 boasts as much functionality as RGBHV.

Audio interfaces

To transmit sound, a large number of both digital and analog interfaces are used. Applications range from home theaters, to portable systems, to professional mixing consoles used by DJs and other professionals. Ease of connection is a common feature of most audio connectors: equipment manufacturers prefer to use simple interfaces that the average user could easily connect without tightening the screws on the locks. This circumstance will always be a challenge for manufacturers who are forced to balance between convenience and quality.

3.5mm

3.5mm connector, also referred to as "stereo mini jack", "mini plug", "TRS connector", "1/8 inch connector". The plug is divided by insulating rings into several segments, depending on the number of channels: ground and sound channel 1 are always present (one insulating ring). In a stereo jack, or an audio / video version of the connector used by video cameras, there are respectively two and three insulating rings (respectively 3 and 4 sectors on the surface of the pin). 3.5 mm connectors are often used in computer audio cards and portable devices to transmit mono and stereo audio: line in and out (to speakers), microphone, headphones, external amplifier.

RCA

The RCA connector is used for a number of purposes. The protocol standard is S/PDIF (Sony®/Philips Digital Interface) capable of carrying a PCM signal, or Dolby® AC-3/DTS multichannel. When using an analog signal, two RCA connectors are used for stereo, usually marked red and white. In home theater systems, a powered RCA is used to connect a subwoofer. In professional equipment, an RCA can connect an unbalanced source to a balanced XLR input, as part of an XLR to RCA cable for CD/DVD players, mixing consoles and amplifiers. RCA can also connect balanced line outputs from mixing consoles to unbalanced inputs from recorders and amplifiers.

XLR

The XLR connector is very often used for audio signal transmission. Developed by ITT Canon, the most common configuration is a three-pin plug for balanced audio signals. When connecting a connector to a socket, pin 1 (ground) is connected first, which prevents possible damage to the equipment. Balanced audio signals are well protected from electromagnetic noise and can be of great length. For this reason, a balanced XLR connection is very often used for microphones, mixers, amplifiers and other audio devices.

USB interface

Universal Serial Bus ("universal serial bus”) was developed in the 1990s to make it easier to connect computers and peripherals. The popularity of USB is due to the compatibility of the connector with many platforms and operating systems, low installation cost and ease of use. Most computers manufactured today have multiple USB ports, and USB is the preferred choice for most home office devices, including printers, cameras, modems, and portable storage devices.

USB standards are developed by the USB Implementers Forum (USB-IF), "USB Implementation Forum". In the original specification, USB was represented by two connectors: Type A and Type B. Revision of specifications and consumer requests led to the emergence new USB connectors, but most devices still use types A and B.

USBB-type

The Type B connector is designed for use with USB peripherals. The plug has a square shape with bevels at the top of the connector. Like connector B, it uses friction to keep it securely in place. The Type B connector is always installed "at the source side", so most USB applications require a USB A-B cable.

USBA-type

Typically found on computers and control devices, USB Type A is a flat, rectangular plug. The connector is held in place by friction and is exceptionally easy to connect. Instead of rounded pins, the connector uses flat pins to withstand multiple connections much better. USB A is installed exclusively on hosts and hubs and is not intended for offsite use. peripherals, since from the side of the main device, one of the contacts is supplied D.C. 5V. Although not as common, USB A-A wires are still used to connect two computers with USB A connectors. However, this method is not commonly used to transfer data between computers. You must make sure that the manufacturer provides for this kind of connection between the two devices, otherwise it may cause serious damage to the equipment.

Micro-USBA/B

Certified USB-IF, this connector can be found on new portable devices: smartphones, GPS navigators, PDAs and digital cameras. Micro-USB A provides a connection to Micro-USB B. Both connectors are extremely tiny, while supporting data transfer rates up to 480 Mbps and OTG functionality, thanks to which the device can act both as a peripheral when connected to a computer, and as a host. Connector holder on side A is white, on side B is black.

The Micro USB A/B connector allows you to connect both Micro-USB A and Micro USB B cables. The connector is not installed on cables, but only on devices that support On-The-Go technology.

USBMini-b (five-pin)

The disadvantage of the USB type B connector is its size: each side is almost a centimeter. This shortcoming has made USB B unsuitable for many compact devices such as PDAs, digital cameras, smartphones. As a result, many portable device manufacturers have begun miniaturizing USB connectors, replacing Type B with this connector. The five-pin Mini-b is the most popular and the only approved USB-IF. By default, the Mini-b cable has five pins. This connector is about 1/3 the size of a USB A connector. This connector also supports the new OTG (On-The-Go) standard.

USB 3.0 TypeA

This connector is identical in size and shape to the USB Type A used for USB 2.0 and USB 1.1 data transfer. However, it has additional pins not found on USB Type A. The USB 3.0 connector is designed for SuperSpeed ​​data transfer, but also allows data transfer at lower speeds, and is backwards compatible with USB 2.0 ports. The connectors are usually blue light to distinguish them from earlier USBs.

USB 3.0 TypeB

The USB 3.0 connector is installed on devices that support USB 3.0 and is designed to transfer data at SuperSpeed ​​speed. Cables for this connector are not compatible with USB devices 2.0 and 1.1; however, USB 3.0 devices with this connector can be connected USB cables 2.0 and 1.1.

USB 3.0MicroB

The USB 3.0 Micro B connector can be installed on USB 3.0 devices and is designed to transfer data at SuperSpeed ​​speed. USB 3.0 Micro B cables are not compatible with USB 2.0 and 1.1 devices.

DB9

The DB9 connector has 9 pins arranged in three rows one above the other. There are 5 pins in the top row, 4 in the bottom row and is usually used for data transmission via the RS-232 serial protocol. For many years this interface was shipped to all PCs, today most modern computers are not equipped with it. On a PC, the serial port is usually represented by a DB9 male.