Let's learn Linux together. Introduction. Terminal and useful commands. Variety of Linux terminals Linux terminal emulators for windows

According to a tradition that has long been established in open source software, users are offered a large selection of such solutions. Which, by the way, is also traditionally a subject for criticism of open source software. Like, why does a user need several dozen different terminal emulators (for brevity, they are increasingly called simply terminals)? Moreover, the difference between them is rather arbitrary. And even some Linux fans believe that redundancy in this case is harmful.

However, there are still more arguments in favor of diversity. Even if you do not take into account the fact that many solutions promote competition, which benefits both developers and users.

1 Xterm, urxvt…

Xterm in Kali Linux

2 Konsole, GNOME terminal, LXTerminal, Xfce terminal…

Gnome Terminal in Kali Linux

3 Guake, Tilda, Yakuake, Yeahconsole…

Guake in Kali Linux

4 Terminator, qterminal, sakura, termit, terminology…

Terminator in Kali Linux

Occasionally, When We need to run Linux or Bash Commands on Windows, So we try on the Command Prompt. As we all Familiar, Linux commands cannot be run on Command Prompt as Command Prompt allows Windows Commands, not for the Linux Commands.

However, Many Terminal Emulators are available that allows you to use Linux Commands on Windows 10, 8 and 7. In this Guide, We will use Cygwin Tool. It is a free open source tool, Written on C, C++ Language. Cygwin provides you Unix-Like environment and Command Line interface to your Windows 10.8 and 7.

Through this tool, On the 64-bit or 32-bit Windows Operating System can be easily run Linux Commands, and can be used of Terminal on Windows, and Executed Linux binaries as well. Other than this, Through Cygwin X tool can be used X-Desktop environment too.

So, Let's see, How to Install & Configure Terminal for Windows 10, 8 and 7.

Install & Config Terminal For Windows

1. First of all, Download Cygwin Tool from the Following Link Below.

2. After that, Install on your PC, As you Install other Programs on your Windows.

“When you will install the first time, So you have to Install From the Internet and leave all Settings as Default Settings”

3. On the Last point of Installation, It will ask you to Select website for Download Packages. Simply, Select any Website and click to Next.

4. Once It is finished, You will get All Packages List, You can Select packages that you need to install and then simply click Next.

You can leave default selected packages and click Next.

5. After that, All Packages will be downloaded on your system, You have to wait for a while.

6. Once Installing will be finished, You can use the Cygwin Tool on your Windows.

Now the Terminal For Windows has been successfully Installed. Just Launch the Cygwin Terminal on your system and use all Linux commands.

Website site moderator. WITH today we are opening a series of interesting topics under the general title "Learning Linux Together". The topics of discussion will be in the form of articles or messages that will consider various materials on learning Ubuntu and its derivative systems. The material will be posted not only by the administration of the resource, but also by users who wish to will share his knowledge (it is personal knowledge that is interesting, without copy-paste from third-party resources).If voluminous topics are posted, you must first discuss with the administration of the resource, perhaps the proposed topic will be posted as a separate article.

The goal is to learn the basics of Linux systems. The methodology is probably not quite usual, there will be no teachers, or rather, each user participating will be a teacher. We will share our knowledge openly in a good-natured and warm atmosphere. Each topic of discussion (lesson) will end with a practical consolidation of new knowledge on your system and comments with screenshots.

Let's start the first discussion!

Terminal and useful commands

Even at the stage of preliminary study of the Linux system (stage: what is Linux and from which side to approach it), the user encounters such a term as the Terminal. He scares someone away, but someone, on the contrary, has a desire to try (why not try yourself as a programmer? :)) . In the same place on the network, we find information among user comments that it turns out that with the help of this thing they manage the entire system, install programs, fix errors, and in general do everything with it.

The terminal is a graphical program that emulates the console, the user documentation from the site help.ubuntu.ru tells us.

All terminal commands work in the console as well. The console works without a graphical shell and is usually needed if there are problems with starting the system.

So what is a Terminal? The terminal is a tool that allows you to control the system directly, and also allows you to see any of our actions performed in any graphic program and in the system as a whole, i.e. the opening of any folder by the user and the opening of any program, at the same moment occur in as commands in the terminal.

Examples of the most popular commands (the terminal can be launched using hotkeys: Ctrl+Alt+T):

sudo apt-get update(package index update)

sudo apt-get upgrade(direct software update)

Consider the components of the command:

• sudo - run command with administrator rights (after entering it, you must enter the administrator password, the password itself is not visible, but you should not be afraid, it is entered and then press the enter key);
• apt-get is a powerful tool for installing and updating packages;
• update - update the list of packages, upgrade - update the packages themselves.

sudo apt-get install program_name- program installation;

sudo apt-get remove program_name- uninstalling the program;

It is best to install programs by adding their repositories, this will enable further automatic updating of the program, after checking that the program is not in the Ubuntu Software Center (thus we check if this repository is not connected to us).

For most commands, you can get help by typing the optional --help command after the command. Example: sudo apt-get update --help

And finally, some interesting commands:

uname-a- the command displays the version of the Linux kernel;

netstat-tup- list of active network connections;

apt-getmoo- good mood team

Popular terminal emulators

As it turns out, there are various terminal emulators. Each of them is interesting in its own way.

Consider the most popular terminal emulators:

Guake- a drop-down terminal, reminiscent of the console from the popular game Quake. The terminal is loaded into memory, so calling a terminal is faster than a standard terminal. It is available in the Ubuntu repository, so you can install it from the Ubuntu Software Center.

final term- "smart" terminal emulator. Remembers the entered commands and offers them in the drop-down menu the next time you type. Like most terminal emulators, Final term supports keyboard shortcuts, but through editing the settings file. Unfortunately, it froze during the introduction, but there is an explanation for this, Final term does not leave the alpha testing stage for a long time.

Let's move on to the installation. At the time of writing this article, the program repository was not working, so we will install from the sources. The additional Git tool that we will install to install Final term will be useful to us in the future for installing other programs.

sudo apt-get install git build-essential cmake intltool (pretty popular tools required)

sudo apt-get install valac libgtk-3-dev intltool clutter-gtk-1.0 libkeybinder-3.0-dev libgee-0.8-dev libnotify-bin libmx-dev (additional packages for GTK)

git clone https://github.com/p-e-w/finalterm.git (download sources)

cd finalterm/ (let's move on V folderfinal term)

mkdir build (create folderbuild)

cd build/(let's move on V folderbuild)

cmake ..

make(a tool for automatically building a program from source code)

sudo make install(direct installation)

Terminator is a cross-platform terminal emulator that supports Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Unix X11 systems. A convenient terminal emulator that allows you to create horizontal and vertical tabs, customize the display of the interface, a lot of hot keys and connect additional plugins.

You can install it from the Ubuntu Software Center.

RXVT (color terminal with unicode support) is a very lightweight terminal emulator. Didn't find any settings. Minimalistically reminiscent of the built-in XTerm, however, some features are removed from RXVT, such as: Tektronix 4014 emulation and tool-style configuration.

Available in the native Ubuntu repository.

Well, for those who continue to use the standard Terminal, I suggest decorating it a little with a picture, for example, with a penguin named Tux (the official Linux mascot).

sudo apt-get install cowsay fortunes-en

All excellent mood. See you in discussion threads.

A Terminal emulator is a computer program that reproduces a video terminal within some other display structure. In other words the Terminal emulator has an ability to make a dumb machine appear like a client computer networked to the server. The terminal emulator allows an end user to access console as well as its applications such as text user interface and command line interface.

You may find a huge number of terminal emulators to choose from this open source world. Some of them offers a large range of features while others offers less features. To give a better understanding to the quality of software that are available, we have gathered a list of marvelous terminal emulator for Linux. Each title provides its description and feature along with screenshot of the software with relevant download link.

1. Terminator

Terminator is an advanced and powerful terminal emulator which supports multiple terminals windows. This emulator is fully customizable. You can change the size, color, give different shapes to the terminal. Its very user friendly and fun to use.

Features of Terminator

1. Customize your profiles and color schemes, set the size to fit your needs.
2. Use plugins to get even more functionality.
3. Several key-shortcuts are available to speed up common activities.
4. Split the terminal window into several virtual terminals and re-size them as needed.

2. Tilda

Tilda is a stylish drop-down terminal based on GTK+. With the help of a single key press you can launch a new or hide Tilda window. However, you can add colors of your choice to change the look of the text and Terminal background.

Features of Tilda

1. Interface with Highly customization option.
2. You can set the transparency level for Tilda window.
3. Excellent built-in color schemes.

3. Guake

Guake is a python based drop-down terminal created for the GNOME Desktop Environment. It is invoked by pressing a single keystroke, and can make it hidden by pressing the same keystroke again. Its design was determined from FPS (First Person Shooter) games such as Quake and one of its main target is be easy to reach.

Guake is very much similar to Yakuaka and Tilda, but it's an experiment to mix the best of them into a single GTK-based program. Guake has been written in python from scratch using a little piece in C (global hotkeys stuff).

4.Yakuake

Yakuake (Yet Another Kuake) is a KDE based drop-down terminal emulator very much similar to Guake terminal emulator in functionality. It's design was inspired from fps consoles games such as Quake.

Yakuake is basically a KDE application, which can be easily installed on KDE desktop, but if you try to install Yakuake in GNOME desktop, it will prompt you to install a huge number of dependency packages.

Yakuak Features

1. Fluently turn down from the top of your screen
2. Tabbed interface
3. Configurable dimensions and animation speed
4. customizable

5.ROXterm

ROXterm is yet another lightweight terminal emulator designed to provide similar features to gnome-terminal. It was originally constructed to have lesser footprints and faster start-up time by not using the Gnome libraries and by using a independent applet to bring the configuration interface (GUI), but over the time it's role has shifted to bringing a higher range of features for power users.

However, it is more customizable than gnome-terminal and anticipated more at “power” users who make excessive use of terminals. It is easily integrated with GNOME desktop environment and provides features like drag & drop of items into terminal.

6.Eterm

Eterm is a lightest color terminal emulator designed as a replacement for xterm. It is developed with a Freedom of Choice ideology, leaving as much power, flexibility, and freedom as workable in the hands of the user.

7.Rxvt

Rxvt stands for extended virtual terminal is a color terminal emulator application for Linux intended as an xterm replacement for power users who don't need to have a feature such as Tektronix 4014 emulation and toolkit-style configurability.

8.Wterm

Wterm is a light weight color terminal emulator based on rxvt project. It includes features such as background images, transparency, reverse transparency and an considerable set or runtime options are accessible resulting in a very high customizable terminal emulator.

9. LXTerminal

LXTerminal is a default VTE-based terminal emulator for LXDE (Lightweight X Desktop Environment) without any unnecessary dependency. The terminal has got some nice features such as.

LXTerminal Features

1. Multiple tab support
2. Supports common commands like cp, cd, dir, mkdir, mvdir.
3. Feature to hide the menu bar for saving space
4. Change the color scheme.

10. Console

Console is yet another powerful KDE based free terminal emulator was originally created by Lars Doelle.

Console Features

1. Multiple tabbed terminals.
2. Translucent backgrounds.
3. Support for split-view mode.
4. Directory and SSH bookmarking.
5. Customizable color schemes.
6. customizable key bindings.
7. Notification alerts about activity in a terminal.
8. incremental search
9. Support for Dolphin file manager
10. Export of output in plain text or HTML format.

11.TermKit

TermKit is a elegant terminal that aims to construct aspects of the GUI with the command line based application using WebKit rendering engine mostly used in web browsers like Google Chrome and Chromium. TermKit is originally designed for Mac and Windows, but due to TermKit fork by Floby which you can now be able to install it under Linux based distributions and experience the power of TermKit.

12.st

st is a simple terminal implementation for X Window.

13. Gnome Terminal

Is a built-in terminal emulator for GNOME desktop environment developed by Havoc Pennington and others. It allow users to run commands using a real Linux shell while remaining on the on the GNOME environment. GNOME Terminal emulates the xterm terminal emulator and brings a few similar features.

The Gnome terminal supports multiple profiles, where users can be able to create multiple profiles for his/her account and can customize configuration options such as fonts, colors, background image, behavior, etc. per account and define a name to each profile. It also supports mouse events, url detection, multiple tabs, etc.

14. Final Term

final term is a open source stylish terminal emulator that has some exciting capabilities and handy features into one single beautiful interface. It is still under development, but provides significant features such as Semantic text menus, Smart command completion, GUI terminal controls, Omnipotent keybindings, Color support and many more. The following animated screen grab demonstrates some of their features. Please click on image to view demo.

15.Terminology

Terminology is yet another new modern terminal emulator created for the Enlightenment desktop, but also can be used in different desktop environments. It has some awesome unique features, which do not have in any other terminal emulator.

Apart features, terminology offers even more things that you wouldn’t assume from a other terminal emulators, like preview thumbnails of images, videos and documents, it also allows you to see those files directly from Terminology.

You can watch a following demonstrations video created by the Terminology developer (the video quality isn’t clear, but still it’s enough to get the idea about Terminology).

16. Xfce4 terminal

xfce terminal is a lightweight modern and easy to use terminal emulator specially designed for Xfce desktop environment. The latest release of xfce terminal has some new cool features such as search dialog, tab color changer, drop-down console like Guake or Yakuake and many more.

18.LilyTerm

The LilyTerm is a another less known open source terminal emulator based off of libvte that desire to be fast and lightweight. LilyTerm also include some key features such as:

1. Support for tabbing, coloring and reordering tabs
2. Ability to manage tabs through keybindings
3. Support for background transparency and saturation.
4. Support for user specific profile creation.
5. Several customization options for profiles.
6. Extensive UTF-8 support.

19. Sakura

The sakura is a another less known Unix style terminal emulator developed for command line purpose as well as text-based terminal programs. Sakura is based on GTK and livte and provides not more advanced features but some customization options such as multiple tab support, custom text color, font and background images, speedy command processing and a few more.

20. rxvt-unicode

The rxvt-unicode(also known as urxvt) is a yet another highly customizable, lightweight and fast terminal emulator with xft and unicode support was developed by Marc Lehmann. It got some outstanding features such as support for international language via Unicode, the ability to display multiple font types and support for Perl extensions.

If you know any other capable Linux terminal emulators that I’ve not included in the above list, please do share with me using our comment section.

For me, as a Linux automator, using Windows on my main workstation was just pain and suffering at first. But I couldn't do anything about it: corporate standards and software that only works on Windows. In an attempt to find the golden mean, I went through three stages. At first, I only occasionally switched to Windows as needed. Then a virtual machine on a virtualbox with an X-server. After that, I wanted at least a little bit of that console comfort that was on Linux (I used Terminator as my main terminal).

After googling furiously and installing all the terminal emulators for Windows that I could find, it turned out that there was not one even slightly suitable for me. And I wanted the terminal to behave as close as possible to the Linux options. For example, tabs, splitting, text selection with scrolling (when more than one screen needs to be selected), copying text to the clipboard immediately upon selection, etc. are naturally needed.

As a result, I got a "combine" as in the screenshot below. You can find out how to set this up by looking under cat.

Before getting the result, I even seriously thought about my bike (porting, writing my own). But laziness and common sense took their toll...

In the process of searching for a good terminal, I came across a habra-topic: . ConEmu is a really cool app, but it's not for those who have been using Linux terminals for a long time. Then I came across Mintty (installed with Cygwin). The program is excellent, it behaves as close as possible to such terminals as Gnome-terminal and Terminator, but there are no tabs.

It turned out that the aforementioned ConEmu can run GUI applications inside its tabs! And then a spark of hope began to flare up ... But enough of the lyrics, it's time to get down to business!

Installing the right programs

Setting

In our case, this is:

VMssh.bat:
@ECHO OFF SET VMNAME=xubuntu CALL D:\Work\VMstart.bat %VMNAME% ssh [email protected]
Calls the virtual start script, replace VMNAME with the desired one.

VMstart.bat:
@ECHO OFF SET VMNAME="%1" SET isVMRun= IF [%1] == (echo Empty parameter VMNAME. Usage: %0 EXIT /B 1) FOR /F %%i IN ("VBoxManage list runningvms") DO SET isVMRun=%%i IF NOT "%isVMRun%" == "%VMNAME%" (Vboxmanage startvm %VMNAME% --type headless)
Checks if the virtual machine is running and if not, then starts it. Thus, I do not need to remember if the virtual machine is running, run VirtualBox separately and make additional clicks.

A little "whistle"

Shared working folder (files are available on Windows and on a virtual machine) - you need to configure it in VirualBox-e as follows:

You also need to register in fstab on the virtual machine so that it is automatically mounted at startup.

Conclusion

Scripts and config mynttyrc threw on git hub.