What is ict in education definition. The use of information and communication technologies in the educational process. Educational materials of a new generation, developed in the project "Informatization of the education system"

Brief description of some pedagogical technologies. What is ICT technology. Possibilities of use by the teacher of modern Internet computer technologies in the preparation and conduct of the lesson, in the development of students' abilities.

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Modern pedagogical technologies. Speech by the teacher of mathematics Repp Galina Rafailovna Scientific and theoretical seminar on the topic:

What is "pedagogical technology"? the concept of "pedagogical technology" in domestic pedagogy is correlated with the processes of education and upbringing, a set of psychological and pedagogical attitudes that determine a special set and arrangement of forms, methods, methods, teaching methods, educational means; organizational and methodological tools of the pedagogical process. (B.T. Likhachev) system set and the order of functioning of all personal, instrumental and methodological means used to achieve pedagogical goals (M.V. Klarin)

a) conceptual framework; b) the content of the training: learning objectives - general and specific; content of educational material; c) procedural part - technological process: organization of the educational process; methods and forms of educational activity of schoolchildren; methods and forms of work of the teacher; the activities of the teacher in managing the process of assimilation of the material; diagnostics of the educational process. The main structural components of pedagogical technology:

Classification of pedagogical technologies

Any pedagogical technology is an information technology, since the basis technological process learning is the acquisition and transformation of information. Computer (new information) learning technologies is the process of preparing and transmitting information to the student, the means of implementation of which is a computer. Information and communication technologies

teachers: source of educational information; visual material; training apparatus; means of diagnostics and control. working tool: a means of preparing texts, their storage; graphics editor; means of preparing speeches; computing machine of great potential. The computer performs the following functions:

individualization of education; intensification of independent work of students; increase in the volume of tasks completed in the lesson; expansion of information flows when using the Internet. increasing motivation and cognitive activity due to the variety of forms of work. Benefits of using ICT

1. There is no computer in the home use of many students and teachers. 2. Teachers do not have enough time to prepare for a lesson that uses computers. 3. Insufficient computer literacy of the teacher. 4. There is no time in the work schedule of teachers to explore the possibilities of the Internet. 5. It is difficult to integrate a computer into the lesson structure of classes. 6. Not enough computer time for everyone. 7. With insufficient motivation for work, students are often distracted by games, music, checking PC characteristics, etc. 8. There is a possibility that, having become fascinated with the use of ICT in the classroom, the teacher will move from developing teaching to visual and illustrative methods. Existing shortcomings and problems in the use of ICT

A combination of traditional teaching methods and modern information technologies can help the teacher in solving this difficult task. It is necessary to teach the child to master, transform and use huge amounts of information in practical activities. It is very important to organize the learning process in such a way that the child works actively, with interest and enthusiasm in the lesson, sees the fruits of his labor and can appreciate them.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

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Use of information and communication technologies

V educational process

« If the computer had not been invented
as a universal technical device,

Should have been invented
specifically for educational purposes.
Anthony Mullan.

We are on the verge of an era of unlimited development and ubiquity of computers, which are becoming an intellectual tool and partner in almost all spheres of human life and activity.

IN modern system education is rapidly gaining speed in the process of introducing information and communication technologies(ICT), provision of educational institutions computer technology, development of telecommunications, global and local educational networks. This is due to the fact that information literacy and culture have become the key to successful professional activity person. Information Technology become an integral part of modern life. Possession of them is put on a par with such qualities as the ability to read and write. A person who skillfully and effectively masters technologies and information has a new style of thinking, approaches the assessment of the problem that has arisen, and the organization of his activities in a fundamentally different way.

Improving the quality of education today is impossible without the use of new information and communication technologies. ICT expands the teacher's ability to introduce students to a fascinating world where they have to independently extract, analyze and transmit information to others. The sooner learners learn about the possibilities of ICT, the sooner they will be able to take advantage of the latest methods obtaining information and converting it into knowledge.

From here follow the goals of using ICT:

Increase learning motivation;

improve the efficiency of the learning process;

to promote the activation of the cognitive sphere of students;

improve teaching methods;

monitor the results of training and education in a timely manner;

plan and organize your work;

use as a means of self-education;

qualitatively and quickly prepare a lesson (event).

I can apply ICT technologies at any stage of the lesson:

To indicate the topic of the lesson.

At the beginning of the lesson with the help of questions on the topic under study, creating a problem situation.

As an accompaniment to the teacher's explanation (presentations, formulas, diagrams, drawings, video clips, etc.)

To control students.

Some students have some computer skills, and I strive to ensure that these skills are used as a tool for solving educational problems.

The use of ICT allows me to conduct lessons at a fairly high aesthetic and emotional level; provides clarity, attracting a large amount of didactic material. There is a possibility of simultaneous use of audio, video, multimedia materials.

As a result, the depth of immersion in the material increases, the motivation for learning increases, an integrated approach to teaching is carried out and time is saved in the lesson.

ICT allows me to:

organize various forms of work:

group,

steam room

individual;

increase the amount of work performed in the lesson by 1.5–2 times;

provide a high degree of differentiation of training .

The use of ICT inspires the search for new approaches to learning, stimulates professional growth.

I implement ICT in the following areas:

1. Creation of presentations for lessons;
2. Working with Internet resources;
3. Use of ready-made training programs;
4. Use of didactic games.

One of the most successful forms of preparation and presentation of educational material for lessons in primary school can be called the creation of multimedia presentations.

Presentations allow the teacher to:
visualize the material;
intensify the process of explaining new material;
adjust the volume and speed of the displayed information through animation.

To prepare a presentation and show it in class, I use PowerPoint. The presentation contains material about plants selected by me, animation, music.

Creating my own presentations, projects, I use the Internet in educational and extracurricular activities.

The use of Internet resources plays a big role for me and my work, because:

Internet:
Expands the types of educational activities of students;
Provides opportunities for professional creative communication and rapid exchange of information;
Provides opportunities for professional growth;
Opens up creative opportunities for the teacher in the selection and use of didactic material;
Allows the use of modern technical means in the classroom that are exciting for students.

Students, of course, already know how to independently use the Internet, choose necessary information, save it and use it in your future work when making presentations, when preparing for lessons, when working on projects, in research activities. After that, they present prepared projects at a research conference, where they are awarded certificates of winners and participants.

I use information technology in almost all training sessions. I use educational and game programs in the lessons; I use ready-made multimedia products and computer training programs. Ready-made electronic aids (encyclopedias, reference books, textbooks, simulators) can be of great help in preparing and conducting lessons.

I use the wonderful manual “History of Russia. XX century. ". Toolkit(+CD-ROM)

Electronic applications (on a CD-ROM) allow me to recreate a real picture of the studied phenomena in dynamics, to animate and visualize the process of cognition, to stimulate the intellectual activity of students. Multimedia presentations, animated posters, games make lessons bright, interesting, memorable and productive. CD applications can be displayed both on the screen and on any type of interactive whiteboard.

Miscellaneous different types tasks, different in degree of complexity, help to develop the cognitive and creative abilities of each student.

During the lesson I use different types and forms of work: testing, independent work, practical work, work in pairs, groups, vocabulary work, work with a textbook, differentiated homework. Students are more active in the classroom.

Of great importance, in my opinion, is the upbringing of a positive perception of the computer as an assistant in learning, as a tool for creativity, self-expression and development. Working with ICT should teach practical work with information on PC. Lessons using information technology not only expand and consolidate the acquired knowledge, but also greatly increase the creative and intellectual potential of students.

So, analyzing the experience of using ICT, we can confidently add that the use of information and communication technologies allows:

provide positive motivation for learning

significantly increase stability and concentration;

rationally organize the educational process, increase the effectiveness of the lesson.

I am confident that the use of information technology can transform the teaching of traditional subjects by optimizing the processes of understanding and remembering educational material, and most importantly, raising students' interest in learning to a consistently higher level.

But don't get too carried away with digital resources. After all, ill-conceived use of a computer can affect health. When preparing for the lesson, it is necessary to consider how justified the use of information technology is. We must always remember that ICT is not a goal, but a means of learning. Computerization should concern only that part of the educational process where it is necessary to apply a digital educational resource.

So, we see that with the use of ICT in the classroom, the educational process is aimed at developing logical and critical thinking, imagination, independence. Students are interested and involved in creative search.

In conclusion, I want to say:

The teacher now needs to learn how to use computer technology, just as he uses a fountain pen or chalk to work in the classroom, master information technology and skillfully apply the acquired knowledge and skills to improve the lesson methodology.

For a teacher, a computer is no longer a luxury - it is NECESSITY.

The use of ICT technologies in the educational process in the context of the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Educational Establishments

Socio-economic changes in Russia have led to the need to modernize many social institutions, and primarily the education system. The new tasks set today for education are formulated and presented in the law “On Education Russian Federation» and the educational standard of the new generation.
Informatization of education in Russia is one of the most important mechanisms affecting all the main areas of modernization of the educational system. Its main task is the effective use of the following most important advantages of information and communication technologies:
- The possibility of organizing the process of cognition, supporting the activity approach to the educational process;
- Individualization of the educational process while maintaining its integrity;
- Creation of an effective management system for information and methodological support of education.
key directions the process of informatization of preschool educational institutions are:
1. Organizational:
- Modernization of methodical service;
- Improvement of the material and technical base;
- Creation of a certain information environment.
2. Pedagogical:
- Improving ICT - the competence of teachers of preschool educational institutions;
- Implementation of ICT in the educational space.
In accordance with the law "On Education in the Russian Federation", preschool education is one of the levels of general education. Therefore, the informatization of the kindergarten has become a necessary reality of modern society. Computerization school education has a rather long history (about 20 years), but in kindergarten such distribution of the computer has not yet been observed. At the same time, it is impossible to imagine the work of a teacher (including a preschool teacher) without the use of information resources. The use of ICT makes it possible to enrich, qualitatively update the educational and educational process in preschool educational institutions and increase its efficiency.
What is ICT?
Information educational technologies are all technologies in the field of education that use special technical means (PC, multimedia) to achieve pedagogical goals.
Information and communication technologies in education (ICT) is a complex of educational and methodological materials, technical and tools computer technology in the educational process, forms and methods of their application to improve the activities of specialists in educational institutions (administration, educators, specialists), as well as for the education (development, diagnosis, correction) of children.

Areas of application of ICT by teachers of preschool educational institutions

1.Records management.
In the process of educational activities, the teacher draws up and draws up calendar and long-term plans, prepares material for the design of the parent corner, conducts diagnostics and draws up the results both in print and in in electronic format. Diagnosis should be considered not as a one-time conduct of the necessary studies, but also the maintenance of an individual diary of the child, in which various data about the child, test results are recorded, graphs are built and, in general, the dynamics of the child's development is monitored. Of course, this can be done without the use of computer technology, but the quality of design and time costs are not comparable.
An important aspect of the use of ICT is the preparation of a teacher for certification. Here you can consider both the preparation of documentation and the preparation of an electronic portfolio.
2. Methodological work, professional development of a teacher.
In the information society, networked electronic resources are the most convenient, fast and modern way dissemination of new methodological ideas and didactic aids, available to methodologists and teachers, regardless of their place of residence. Information and methodological support in the form of electronic resources can be used during the preparation of the teacher for classes, for the study of new methods, in the selection of visual aids for the lesson.
Network communities of teachers allow not only to find and use the necessary methodological developments, but also to post their materials, share pedagogical experience in preparing and holding events, using various methods and technologies.
The modern educational space requires the teacher to be especially flexible in preparing and conducting pedagogical events. Teachers need regular professional development. The possibility of fulfilling the modern requests of the teacher is also possible with the help of remote technologies. When choosing such courses, it is necessary to pay attention to the availability of a license, on the basis of which educational activities are carried out. Distance advanced training courses allow you to choose the direction of interest to the teacher and study without interrupting the main educational activity.
An important aspect of the teacher's work is participation in various pedagogical projects, distance competitions, quizzes, olympiads, which increases the level of self-esteem of both the teacher and pupils. Face-to-face participation in such events is often impossible due to the remoteness of the region, financial costs and other reasons. Remote participation is open to everyone. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the reliability of the resource, the number of registered users.
Undoubtedly, it is important to use ICT technologies for maintaining documentation and for more effective methodological work and for improving the teacher's qualifications, but the main thing in the work of a preschool teacher is to conduct an educational process.
3.Educational - educational process.
The educational process includes:
- organization of direct educational activities of the pupil,
- organization of joint developmental activities of the teacher and children,
- implementation of projects,
- creation of a developing environment (games, manuals, didactic materials).
In children preschool age visual-figurative thinking prevails. The main principle in organizing the activities of children of this age is the principle of visibility. The use of a variety of illustrative material, both static and dynamic, allows preschool teachers to quickly achieve their intended goal during direct educational activities and joint activities with children. Using the Internet- resources allows you to make the educational process informative, entertaining and comfortable.

Types of activities with ICT

1. Activity with multimedia support.
In such a lesson, only one computer is used as an "electronic board". At the preparation stage, electronic and information resources are analyzed, the necessary material for the lesson is selected. Sometimes it is very difficult to find the necessary materials to explain the topic of the lesson, so presentation materials are created using PowerPoint or other multimedia programs.
To conduct such classes, you need one personal computer (laptop), a multimedia projector, speakers, and a screen.
The use of multimedia presentations allows you to make the lesson emotionally colored, interesting, they are an excellent visual aid and demonstration material, which contributes to the good effectiveness of the lesson.
With the help of multimedia presentations, visual gymnastics complexes, exercises to relieve visual fatigue are learned with children.
Multimedia presentations make it possible to present educational and developmental material as a system of bright reference images filled with comprehensive structured information in an algorithmic manner. In this case, various channels of perception are involved, which makes it possible to store information not only in factographic, but also in associative form in the memory of children.
The purpose of such a presentation of developing and educational information is the formation of a system of mental images in children. The presentation of material in the form of a multimedia presentation reduces the time of learning, frees up the resources of children's health.
The use of multimedia presentations in the classroom allows you to build educational - educational process on the basis of psychologically correct modes of functioning of attention, memory, mental activity, humanization of the content of education and pedagogical interactions, reconstruction of the learning and development process from the standpoint of integrity.
The basis of any modern presentation- facilitating the process of visual perception and memorization of information with the help of vivid images. The forms and place of using the presentation in the lesson depend on the content of this lesson and the goal set by the teacher.
The use of computer slide presentations in the process of teaching children has the following advantages:
- Implementation of polysensory perception of the material;
- The possibility of demonstrating various objects with the help of a multimedia projector and a projection screen in a multiply enlarged form;
- Combining audio, video - and animation effects into a single presentation helps to compensate for the amount of information received by children from educational literature;
- Possibility of demonstrating objects that are more accessible for perception to a safe sensory system;
- Activation of visual functions, visual capabilities of the child;
- Computer presentation slide - films are convenient to use for displaying information in the form of printouts in large print on a printer as a handout for classes with preschoolers.
The use of multimedia presentations makes it possible to make the lessons emotionally colored, attractive, arouse a keen interest in the child, they are an excellent visual aid and demonstration material, which contributes to the good effectiveness of the lesson. For example, the use of presentations in classes in mathematics, music, familiarization with the outside world ensures the activity of children when examining, examining and visually highlighting the signs and properties of objects, forms ways of visual perception, examination, highlighting qualitative, quantitative and spatio-temporal signs in the objective world. and properties, visual attention and visual memory develop.
2. Work with computer support
Most often, such classes are conducted using gaming training programs.
In such a lesson, several computers are used, for which several pupils work at the same time. The use of an electronic textbook (and a playful educational game for children is an electronic textbook) is a method of programmed learning, the founder of which is Skinner. Working with an electronic textbook, the child independently studies the material, performs the necessary tasks, and then passes a competence test on this topic.
The capabilities of the computer allow you to increase the amount of material offered for review. A bright luminous screen attracts attention, makes it possible to switch children's audio perception to visual, animated characters arouse interest, as a result, tension is relieved. But today, unfortunately, there is not enough good computer programs which are intended for children of this age.
Experts identify a number of requirements that developmental programs for children must satisfy:
- research nature,
- ease for independent studies of the child,
- development of a wide range of skills and perceptions,
- high technical level,
- age match,
- entertainment.
Types of educational programs for preschool children
1. Games for the development of memory, imagination, thinking, etc.
2. "Talking" dictionaries foreign languages with good animation.
3. Art studios, protozoa graphic editor with picture libraries.
4. Games-travelling, "rpg".
5. The simplest programs for teaching reading, mathematics, etc.
The use of such programs allows not only to enrich knowledge, to use a computer for a more complete acquaintance with objects and phenomena that are outside the child's own experience, but also to increase the child's creativity; the ability to operate with symbols on the monitor screen helps to optimize the transition from visual-figurative to abstract thinking; the use of creative and directing games creates additional motivation in the formation of educational activities; individual work with a computer increases the number of situations that a child can solve independently.
When organizing classes of this type, it is necessary to have a stationary or mobile computer class that meets the standards of SANPiN, licensed software.
Today, many kindergartens are equipped with computer classes. But still missing:
- Methods of using ICT in the educational process of preschool educational institutions;
- Systematization of computer developing programs;
- Unified programmatic and methodological requirements for computer classes.
To date, this is the only type of activity that is not regulated by a special educational program. Teachers have to independently study the approach and implement it in their activities.
The use of ICT does not provide for teaching children the basics of computer science and computer technology.
An important rule in the organization of such classes is the frequency of their conduct. Classes should be held 1-2 times a week, depending on the age of the children, 10-15 minutes of direct activity at the PC.
3.Diagnostic exercise.
For these classes, you need special programs, which is rare or non-existent in some general education programs. But the development of such computer programs is a matter of time. With the help of application software tools, you can develop test tasks and use them for diagnostics. In the process of conducting traditional diagnostic classes, the teacher needs to fix the level of problem solving by each child according to certain indicators. The use of special computer programs will not only facilitate the work of the teacher and reduce time costs (use several computers at the same time), but will also save the diagnostic results, considering them in dynamics.
Thus, unlike conventional technical means of education, information and communication technologies allow not only to saturate the child with a large amount of ready-made, strictly selected, properly organized knowledge, but also to develop intellectual, creative abilities, and, which is very important in early childhood, the ability to independently acquire new knowledge.
The use of computers in educational and extracurricular activities looks very natural from the point of view of the child and is one of the effective ways increasing motivation and individualization of training, the development of creative abilities and the creation of a favorable emotional background. Modern research in the field of preschool pedagogy K.N. Motorina, S.P. Pervina, M.A. Cold, S.A. Shapkina and others testify to the possibility of mastering a computer by children aged 3-6 years. As you know, this period coincides with the moment of intensive development of the child's thinking, preparing the transition from visual-figurative to abstract-logical thinking.
The introduction of information technology has advantages over traditional teaching aids:
1. ICT enables increased use electronic means learning, as they transmit information faster;
2. Movement, sound, animation attracts the attention of children for a long time and helps to increase their interest in the material being studied. The high dynamics of the lesson contributes to the effective assimilation of the material, the development of memory, imagination, and creativity of children;
3. Provides visibility, which contributes to the perception and better memorization of the material, which is very important, given the visual-figurative thinking of preschool children. This includes three types of memory: visual, auditory, motor;
4. Slideshow and video clips allow you to show those moments from the outside world, the observation of which causes difficulties: for example, the growth of a flower, the rotation of the planets around the Sun, the movement of waves, it is raining;
5. You can also simulate such life situations that cannot or are difficult to show and see in everyday life (for example, the reproduction of sounds of nature; the work of transport, etc.);
6. The use of information technology encourages children to search for research activities, including searching on the Internet on their own or together with their parents;
7. ICT is additional features working with children with disabilities.
With all the invariable advantages of using ICT in preschool education, the following Problems:
1. The material base of the preschool educational institution.
As noted above, to organize classes, you must have a minimum set of equipment: a PC, a projector, speakers, a screen or a mobile class. Not all kindergartens today can afford the creation of such classes.
2. Protecting the health of the child.
Recognizing that the computer is new powerful tool for the development of children, it is necessary to remember the commandment "DO NO HARM!". The use of ICT in preschool institutions requires careful organization of both the classes themselves and the whole regimen in accordance with the age of the children and the requirements of the Sanitary Rules.
During the operation of computers and interactive equipment, specific conditions are created in the room: humidity decreases, air temperature rises, the amount of heavy ions increases, and electrostatic voltage increases in the area of ​​children's hands. The intensity of the electrostatic field increases when the cabinet is finished with polymeric materials. The floor must be anti-static, and carpets and rugs are not allowed.
To maintain an optimal microclimate, prevent the accumulation of static electricity and the deterioration of the chemical and ionic composition of the air, it is necessary: ​​airing the office before and after classes, wet cleaning before and after classes. Classes with older preschoolers are held once a week in subgroups. In his work, the teacher must necessarily use sets of exercises for the eyes.
3. Insufficient ICT - the competence of the teacher.
The teacher not only has to perfectly know the content of all computer programs, their operational performance, the user interface of each program (the specifics of the technical rules of action with each of them), but also to understand technical specifications equipment, be able to work in basic application programs, multimedia programs and the Internet.
If the DOW team manages to solve these problems, then ICT technologies will become a great helper.
The use of information technology will help the teacher to increase the motivation for teaching children and will lead to a number of positive consequences:
- enrichment of children with knowledge in their figurative-conceptual integrity and emotional coloring;
- facilitating the process of assimilation of the material by preschoolers;
- excitation of a lively interest in the subject of knowledge;
- expanding the general horizons of children;
- increasing the level of use of visualization in the classroom;
- Increasing the productivity of the teacher.
It is undeniable that in modern education the computer does not solve all problems, it remains only multifunctional technical means learning. No less important are modern pedagogical technologies and innovations in the learning process, which allow not only to “invest” in each child a certain amount of knowledge, but, first of all, to create conditions for the manifestation of his cognitive activity. Information technologies, in conjunction with properly selected (or designed) learning technologies, create the necessary level of quality, variability, differentiation and individualization of education and upbringing.
So, the use of information technology tools will make the process of learning and development of children quite simple and effective, free from routine manual work, and open up new opportunities for early education.
Informatization of education opens up new opportunities for teachers for the widespread introduction of new technologies into pedagogical practice. methodological developments aimed at the intensification and implementation of innovative ideas of educational, educational and correctional processes. Recently, information and communication technologies (ICT) have been a good assistant to teachers in organizing educational and correctional work.
Unlike conventional technical teaching aids, information and communication technologies allow not only to saturate the child with a large amount of ready-made, strictly selected, properly organized knowledge, but also to develop intellectual, creative abilities, and, which is very important in preschool childhood, the ability to independently acquire new knowledge.
The use of information technology in education makes it possible to significantly enrich, qualitatively update the educational process in preschool educational institutions and increase its efficiency.

We live in a dynamic, rapidly developing world - in the world of high technologies, or Hi-Tech. It is already difficult to imagine everyday life without mobile phones and computers, which are regularly improved; various gadgets, The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the educational process using various information and communication technologies

"Pros" and "cons" of the use of information and communication
technologies in education.”

We live in a dynamic, rapidly developing world - in the world of high technologies, or Hi-Tech. It is already difficult to imagine everyday life without mobile phones and computers, which are regularly improved; various gadgets, The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the educational process using various information and communication technologies (ICT), about the positive and negative consequences.

Undoubtedly worldwide network gives a person many opportunities - communication, distance learning, education. But the Internet, as a lecturer from one of the Moscow universities rightly noted, can be compared to a “big garbage pit” where tons of information is dumped different quality. In such a situation, a person must have certain selection skills, a kind of “filtering” of the received data. This article will focus on such technologies and their impact on the modern educational process.

ICT - what is it?

Information and Communication Technology or ICT sounds solid and very modern. But what does this phrase mean? Human XXI century?

Information technology or simply IT is a phrase that came to Russia from the English language; it means various technologies associated with the management and processing of a huge information flow using computer technology. The main features of information technology are computer processing information; storage of large amounts of information on machine media; as well as the transmission of information over any distance in the shortest possible time. To date, a universal technical means of processing any information is a computer that enhances the intellectual capabilities of society. Modern computer uses various communication means that serve to communicate and transmit information, which is a necessary component of the process of informatization of society. The process of informatization of society is closely connected with the processes of informatization of all forms of educational activity. In such conditions, a type of modern teacher is being formed, who must not only possess knowledge in the field of information and communication technologies, but also be able to apply them in their own professional activities, strive for constant self-education. New technologies make it possible to create a fundamentally new model of education - distance learning, "... based on the use of the latest information technologies that ensure the exchange of educational information at a distance ( satellite television, computer communication etc.)

ICT in modern education: application, results

The main ICT tool for the information environment of any education system is a personal computer and related software that determines the capabilities of a PC. In modern educational systems, presentation programs, word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems, graphics packages, etc. are widely used. Education today has acquired a completely new quality thanks to the advent of computer networks and other ICT tools. Through the global computer network Internet, instant access to the world's information resources (electronic libraries, databases, file repositories, etc.).

Other means of information and communication technologies are also available on the web - Email, For example, chat that allow you to communicate online. At the same time, the quality of sound and image, the volume of files that can be transmitted and received are significantly increasing every year. With the help of special equipment and software, audio and video conferences can be held via the Internet. Network ICT facilities make it possible to have wide access to educational, methodological and scientific information; allow organizing and modeling research activities, conducting virtual training sessions in real time. For the system of open and distance learning, technologies such as video recording and television are significant.

Another major technology is educational electronic publications, distributed on the Internet or stored on information carriers. They allow you to store and transmit the bulk of the studied material. Individual work with them makes it possible to deeply assimilate and understand the material. Educational electronic publications allow you to submit material in a dynamic graphic form. This does not mean that it is worth abandoning the traditional source of knowledge - books. For most people, the process of "communicating" with a book will not replace any, even cutting-edge, electronic publications.

The teaching process has received new forms, a different character due to the presence in the classrooms of personal computers and laptops with appropriate software, multimedia projectors and special screens, interactive whiteboards, and access to the Internet. A modern teacher has the opportunity to use electronic publications. Such publications are much cheaper, take up little space, and are mobile. New computer technologies, multimedia equipment, contribute to a better assimilation of theoretical material.

Modern graphic editors allow you to create first-class 3-D models of real objects. Teacher and student today have the opportunity to make virtual tours of the world's galleries, use the materials of electronic archives, catalogs and libraries.

A modern teacher, therefore, must take into account the positive properties of ICT, not only possess knowledge in the field of the latter, but also be able to apply them in their own professional activities. With a deliberate, competent use of ICT tools as new forms of education, a number of important didactic tasks can be solved:

• first of all, to improve the teaching process itself;
• significantly increase the level of independent work of students, the effectiveness of their self-training;
• to intensify the process of teaching the student in the direction of research, search activities;
• influence the formation of the student's motivation for learning;
• ensure the process of continuous and flexible learning, etc.
• to repeat and consolidate the material covered;
• to create various learning situations in which the student learns the material in a playful way;
• to ensure the required level of assimilation of educational material;
• to conduct remote experiments on real equipment;
• for communication of various kinds of information and the formation of skills and abilities for the selection and systematization of information, etc.

Negative consequences of the impact of information technology on the student

Above, we talked about the positive impact on the educational process of information and communication technologies. But, like any object or phenomenon, ICTs have reverse side. Their use in all forms of education can lead to a number of negative consequences, including:

Deterioration of the physiological state and health of the student (unstable children's psyche leads to addiction to the computer of students, which affects their health);

A number of psychological and pedagogical problems (unfiltered information causes psychological harm to the child);

A decrease in the student's speech activity (which is especially typical for forms of open and distance learning), as a result of which the student does not have sufficient practice in formulating and expressing his own thoughts. According to recent psychological studies, a long absence of active speech practice negatively affects thinking processes, including . independent;

The lack of live dialogic communication between participants in the educational process, which becomes scarce as a result of excessive individualization of education.

And also, the "minuses" of the use of ICT are:

Increased requirements for the teacher (many students have more modern technology at home, at the same time, a fairly large number of teachers do not even have minimal knowledge in the field of ICT);

Research activity of students is hampered by two reasons:

a lot of abstracts on CDs and on the Internet, making it possible to get a finished product;

The technology of project activity is not fully mastered by subject teachers;

The technology of self-education for students has not been developed;

Low information culture, both among students and teachers;

There is no unified information and methodological service for students, their parents and teachers.

And, of course, the Internet. Its importance as a source of information should not be exaggerated. There are billions of documents on the World Wide Web that provide instant access to various information resources. We have to doubt the reliability and quality of some of them. But most importantly, the use of these resources often leads to negative consequences, primarily in the learning process of the student, his independent, research activities. When using such ICT tools, the “principle of economy of effort” is triggered: why waste your own energy and time preparing for a practical lesson or laboratory work if the Internet provides such a rich choice; if possible, without spending almost no effort, with one click computer mouse get a solution to the problem? Messages and abstracts, essays - for money or free of charge. For a modern student, this way of learning has become familiar and quite acceptable. I would like to especially emphasize that this method does not at all contribute to increasing the efficiency of the educational process. Vice versa. As a result of such ingenuous actions, the student is not able to independently think, formulate and express his own opinion; he does not develop the skills of working with information (the process of its accumulation, selection and systematization).

Main conclusions

The use of ICT is justified, as it allows to intensify the activity of students, makes it possible to improve the quality of education for children from low-income families, improve the professional level of the teacher, and diversify the forms of interpersonal communication of all participants in the educational process. And also, the ICT tools used in modern education allow achieving high learning outcomes. New technologies make it possible to ensure interaction between the teacher and the student in the system of open and distance learning. The use of various ICT tools in the educational process can lead to both positive and negative consequences. Under the influence of ICT on educational processes, a type of modern teacher is being formed, who must not only possess knowledge in the field of information and communication technologies, but also be able to apply them in their own professional activities; - in these conditions, a different type of student develops, who cannot imagine his life without a personal computer and the Internet, using the possibilities modern technologies as information sources. But it is necessary to limit access to information resources, create conditions for creative and research activities of students with different levels of development.

Information technologies (IT, also - information and communication technologies) - processes, methods for searching, collecting, storing, processing, providing, distributing information and methods for implementing such processes and methods (FZ No. 149-FZ); techniques, methods and methods of using computer technology in the performance of the functions of collecting, storing, processing, transmitting and using data (GOST 34.003-90); resources needed to collect, process, store and disseminate information (ISO/IEC 38500:2008).

Specialists in the field information systems and technologists are often referred to as IT or IT professionals.

In a broad sense, IT covers all areas of creation, transmission, storage and perception of information and not only computer technology. At the same time, IT is often associated with computer technology, and this is not accidental: the advent of computers has brought IT to a new level, like television once did, and even earlier printing business.

The information technology industry is engaged in the creation, development and operation of information systems. Information technologies are called upon, based on and rationally using modern achievements in the field of computer technology and other high technologies, the latest means of communication, software and practical experience, to solve the problems of effectively organizing the information process to reduce the cost of time, labor, energy and material resources in all areas human life and modern society. Information technologies interact and are often part of the service sector, management, industrial production, and social processes.

History of information technology

The beginning of development is from the 1960s, along with the emergence and development of the first information systems (IS).

Investments in infrastructure and services, the Internet caused the rapid growth of the IT industry in the late 1990s.

• · Structured standards of digital data exchange of algorithms;
• · Widespread use of computer storage and provision of information in the required form;
• · Transmission of information through digital technologies over virtually unlimited distances.

Information technology encompasses all the resources needed to manage information, especially the computers, software, and networks needed to create, store, manage, communicate, and retrieve information. Information technology can be grouped as follows:

• networks
• Terminals
• · Services

Currently, there are various data transmission networks - a set of terminal devices (terminals) connected by data transmission channels and switching devices (network nodes) that provide message exchange between all terminal devices.

There are the following types of data networks:

• · Telephone networks - networks in which terminal devices are simple signal converters between electrical and visible / audible.
• · Computer networks - networks, the end devices of which are computers.

Telephone

Primary until 2003-2004, the now obsolete method to connect to the Internet is to use a modem connected to telephone network. Although it has all the necessary features, broadband is more preferable for many Internet users. In almost all countries of the European Union, the degree of affordability for households telephone line very high except in Austria, Finland and Portugal. However, in Spain, access to the main telephone networks (narrowband) has virtually disappeared. In 2003, half of all Internet connections were by telephone. Currently, 97% of Internet connections are made through broadband access systems. Nearly 95% of connections are made at speeds greater than or equal to 1 Mbps.

Broadband

Term broadband includes a wide range of technologies that provide more high speeds data transmission, access to the Internet. These technologies use wires or fiber optic cables.

Multilink dial-up

Provide increased throughput by connecting two or more connections remote access together and treating them as one data channel. Requires two or more modems, phone lines, and account numbers, and an ISP that supports this technology. This option was briefly popular before ISDN, DSL, and other more modern technologies. Some manufacturers have created special modems to support this method.

ISDN -- (English Integrated Services Digital Network) digital network with integrated services. Allows you to combine telephone and data services. The name was proposed by the XI CCITT group in 1981. The main purpose of ISDN is data transmission at a speed of up to 64 kbps over a subscriber's wire line and the provision of integrated telecommunication services (telephone, fax, etc.). The use of telephone wires for this purpose has two advantages: they already exist and can be used to supply power to the terminal equipment. For ISDN Networking various kinds traffic uses TDM technology. Time Division Multiplexing, time multiplexing). For each type of data, a separate band is allocated, called elementary channel(or standard channel). A fixed, negotiated share of the bandwidth is guaranteed for this band. The selection of the lane occurs after the signal is given CALL through a separate channel called out-of-channel signaling channel.

xDSL - (English digital subscriber line, digital subscriber line) a family of technologies that can significantly increase the bandwidth of the subscriber line of the public telephone network by using efficient linear codes and adaptive methods for correcting line distortions based on modern advances in microelectronics and digital signal processing methods. xDSL technologies appeared in the mid-90s as an alternative to the digital subscriber termination of ISDN. The main types of xDSL are ADSL, HDSL, IDSL, MSDSL, PDSL, RADSL, SDSL, SHDSL, UADSL, VDSL. All these technologies provide high-speed digital access over a subscriber's telephone line. Some xDSL technologies are original developments, others are merely theoretical models, while still others have already become widely used standards. The main difference between these technologies is the modulation methods used to encode the data.

Power line communication

Power line communication is a term describing several different systems for using power lines (TL) to transmit voice or data. The network can carry voice and data by overlaying an analog signal on top of a standard alternating current frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz. PLC includes BPL Broadband over Power Lines-- broadband transmission over power lines), providing data transmission at speeds up to 200 Mbps, and NPL (Eng. Narrowband over Power Lines-- narrowband transmission over power lines) with much lower data rates up to 1 Mbps.

ATM - (asynchronous data transfer method) - a network high-performance switching and multiplexing technology based on data transmission in the form of cells (cell) of a fixed size (53 bytes), of which 5 bytes are used for the header. In contrast to the synchronous method of data transmission (STM - eng. Synchronous Transfer Mode), ATM is better suited to provide data services with widely varying or fluctuating bit rates.

cellular

One of the types of mobile radio communication, which is based on a cellular network. Key Features is that the total coverage area is divided into cells (cells) determined by the coverage areas of individual base stations (BS). The cells partially overlap and together form a network. On an ideal (flat and undeveloped) surface, the coverage area of ​​one BS is a circle, so the network composed of them looks like hexagonal cells (honeycombs). The network consists of transceivers spaced apart in space operating in the same frequency range, and switching equipment that allows you to determine the current location of mobile subscribers and ensure communication continuity when a subscriber moves from the coverage area of ​​one transceiver to the coverage area of ​​another.

Telecommunications

A type of communication, a method of transmitting information using electromagnetic signals, such as wires, fiber optic cable or radio. At present, the transmission of information over long distances is carried out using such electrical devices as telegraph, telephone, teletype, using radio and microwave communications, as well as FOCL, satellite communications and the global information and communication network Internet. The principle of telecommunication is based on the conversion of message signals (sound, text, optical information) into primary electrical signals. In turn, the primary electrical signals are converted into secondary electrical signals, the characteristics of which are in good agreement with the characteristics of the communication line. Further, through the communication line, the secondary signals are fed to the input of the receiver. In the receiver, the secondary signals are converted back into message signals in the form of sound, optical or textual information.

Terminals

Terminals act as user access points to the information space.

Personal Computer

Computer - (English computer, MFA: - "computer"), an electronic device intended for operation by one user, that is, for personal use. Personal computers (hereinafter referred to as PCs) can also conditionally include any other computer used by a specific person as his personal computer. The vast majority of people use desktop and various portable computers (laptops, tablet computers). Although the computer was originally created as a computing machine, as a PC it is usually used for other purposes - as a means of accessing information networks and as a platform for computer games, as well as for working with graphical interfaces.

Cellular telephone

A mobile phone designed to work in cellular networks; uses a radio transceiver and traditional telephone switching to carry out telephone communications within the territory of the cellular network coverage area. Currently cellular- the most common of all types mobile communications, therefore, it is usually called a mobile phone cellular telephone, Although mobile phones, in addition to cellular, are also satellite phones, radiotelephones and trunk communication devices.

TV

A modern electronic device for receiving and displaying images and sound transmitted over wireless channels or by cable (including television programs or signals from video playback devices such as VCRs).

Game console

A specialized electronic device designed and built for video games. The most commonly used output device is a television set or, more rarely, a computer monitor -- which is why these devices are called set-top boxes, since they are attached to an independent display device. Portable (handheld) game systems have their own built-in display device (they are not attached to anything), so calling them game consoles is somewhat incorrect. Initially, game consoles differed from personal computers in a number of important ways - they assumed the use of a TV as the main display device and did not support most of the standard peripherals designed for personal computers -- such as a keyboard or modem. Until recently, almost all consoles sold were intended to run proprietary games distributed under the condition that other consoles were not supported. However, as the development game consoles, the difference between them and personal computers began to gradually blur - some set-top boxes may allow the connection of a keyboard, hard drive and even launching an operating room on them Linux systems. The circuits and software of some set-top boxes may be distributed, as an exception, under free licenses. The game console market has evolved from relatively simple electronic television game systems such as Pong to today's powerful multifunctional game systems.

Services

Email

The technology and the services it provides for sending and receiving electronic communications (referred to as "letters" or " emails”) by distributed (including global) computer network. In terms of the composition of the elements and the principle of operation, electronic mail practically repeats the system of ordinary (paper) mail, borrowing both terms (mail, letter, envelope, attachment, box, delivery, and others) and characteristic features - ease of use, message transmission delays, sufficient reliability and at the same time no guarantee of delivery. Virtues Email are: easy-to-read and rememberable addresses of the form user_name@domain_name (for example, This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it); the ability to transfer both plain text and formatted, as well as arbitrary files; independence of servers (in the general case, they address each other directly); sufficiently high reliability of message delivery; ease of use by humans and programs. Disadvantages of e-mail: the presence of such a phenomenon as spam (massive advertising and viral mailings); the theoretical impossibility of guaranteed delivery of a particular letter; possible delays in message delivery (up to several days); limits on the size of one message and on the total size of messages in mailbox(personal for users).

Search system

A software and hardware complex with a web interface that provides the ability to search for information on the Internet. A search engine usually means a site that hosts the interface (front-end) of the system. The software part of a search engine is a search engine (search engine) - a set of programs that provides the functionality of a search engine and is usually a trade secret of the search engine developer company. Majority search engines looking for information on websites world wide web, but there are also systems that can search files on FTP servers, products in online stores, and information on Usenet newsgroups. Improving search is one of the priorities modern internet(See the article Deep Web about the main problems in the work of search engines). According to Net Applications, in November 2011, the distribution of search engine usage was as follows:

• · Google -- 83.87%;
• Yahoo! -- 6.20%;
• Baidu - 4.22%;
• Bing - 3.69%;
• Yandex - 1.7%;
• Ask - 0.57%;
• AOL - 0.36%.